Simplified  | Traditional | Pinyin  | English | French |
| 㮸 | 㮸 | sòng | variant of 送|送[song4] | |
| 万户侯 | 萬戶侯 | wàn hù hóu | Marquis (highest Han dynasty ducal title meaning lord of 10,000 households) ; high nobles | |
| 万齐融 | 萬齊融 | wàn qí róng | Wan Qirong (active c. 711), Tang dynasty poet | |
| 三侠五义 | 三俠五義 | sān xiá wǔ yì | Sanxia wuyi (lit. Three knight-errants and five righteous one), novel edited from stories of late Qing dynasty pinghua 評話|评话 master storyteller Shi Yukun 石玉昆 | |
| 三十六字母 | 三十六字母 | sān shí liù zì mǔ | thirty six initial consonants of Song phonetic theory | |
| 三国志 | 三國志 | sān guó zhì | History of the Three Kingdoms, fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed by Chen Shou 陳寿|陈寿 in 289 during Jin Dynasty 晋朝, 65 scrolls | |
| 三曹 | 三曹 | sān cáo | the Three Caos (Cao Cao 曹操 and his sons Cao Pi 曹丕 and Cao Zhi 曹植), who established the Wei or Cao Wei dynasty 曹魏, and were all three noted poets and calligraphers | |
| 三苏 | 三蘇 | sān sū | the Three Su father and sons ; refers to northern Song literati Su Xun 蘇洵|苏洵, Su Shi 蘇軾|苏轼 and Su Zhe 蘇轍|苏辙 | |
| 三藏 | 三藏 | sān cáng | Tripitaka (602-664) Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator, who traveled to India 629-645 ; same as 玄奘 | |
| 三藏法师 | 三藏法師 | sān zàng fǎ shī | Tripitaka (602-664) Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator, who traveled to India 629-645 ; same as 玄奘 | |
| 世宗 | 世宗 | shì zōng | King Sejong the Great or Sejong Daewang (1937-1450), the fourth king of the Korean Yi dynasty, reigned 1418-1450, in whose reign the hangeul script was invented | |
| 世宗大王 | 世宗大王 | shì zōng dà wáng | Sejong the Great (1397-1450), reigned 1418-1450 as fourth king of Joseon or Chosun dynasty ; His reign saw the creation of the Hangeul phonetic script. | |
| 东坡肉 | 東坡肉 | dōng pō ròu | stir-fried pork, favorite of Northern Song writer Su Shi 蘇軾|苏轼, a.k.a. Su Dongpo 蘇東坡|苏东坡 | |
| 东坡肘子 | 東坡肘子 | dōng pō zhǒu zi | Dongpo pork shoulder, traditional dish said to have been created by Northern Song dynasty writer Su Dongpo 蘇東坡|苏东坡 | |
| 东方红 | 東方紅 | dōng fāng hóng | The East is red (Dongfanghong), north Shaanxi folk song | |
| 东晋 | 東晉 | dōng jìn | Eastern Jin dynasty 317-420 | |
| 东汉 | 東漢 | dōng hàn | Eastern or later Han dynasty, 25-220 | Han Orientaux; |
| 东汉末 | 東漢末 | dōng hàn mò | the last years of Eastern Han ; the breakup of the Han dynasty around 200 AD | |
| 东汉末年 | 東漢末年 | dōng hàn mò nián | the last years of Eastern Han ; the breakup of the Han dynasty around 200 AD | |
| 东观汉记 | 東觀漢記 | dōng guān hàn jì | History of later Han dynasty, internal palace record by many 1st and 2nd century authors, 143 scrolls | utilisateur enregistré |
| 两宋 | 兩宋 | liǎng sòng | the Song dynasty (960-1279) ; refers to the Northern (960-1127) and Southern Song (1128-1279) | |
| 两汉 | 兩漢 | liǎng hàn | Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) ; refers to the Western Han and Eastern Han | |
| 中岳 | 中嶽 | zhōng yuè | Mt Song 嵩山 in Henan, one of the Five Sacred Mountains 五嶽|五岳 | |
| 中都 | 中都 | zhōng dū | Zhongdu, capital of China during the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), modern day Beijing | |
| 临屯郡 | 臨屯郡 | lín tún jùn | Lintun commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea | |
| 主计 | 主計 | zhǔ jì | chief accounting officer ; controller ; comptroller ; paymaster ; treasurer (Han dynasty) | |
| 举贤良对策 | 舉賢良對策 | jǔ xián liáng duì cè | Treatise 134 BC by Han dynasty philosopher Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 | |
| 乐浪郡 | 樂浪郡 | lè làng jùn | Lelang commandery (108 BC-313 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea | |
| 九鼎 | 九鼎 | jiǔ dǐng | The Nine Cauldrons, symbol of Imperial power dating back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1100 BC) | |
| 书院 | 書院 | shū yuàn | academy of classical learning (Tang Dynasty - Qing Dynasty) | |
| 乾隆 | 乾隆 | qián lóng | Qianlong or Ch'ien-lung, emperor of the Qing dynasty, reigned sixty years (1735-1796) | |
| 二皇帝 | 二皇帝 | èr huáng dì | second emperor of a dynasty | |
| 二里头 | 二里頭 | èr lǐ tou | Erlitou (Xia dynasty 夏朝 archaeological site at Yanshi 偃师 in Luoyang 洛陽|洛阳, Henan) | |
| 五代 | 五代 | wǔ dài | Five dynasties (in different contexts, from mythology through to Han and the interregnum between Han and Tang) ; the five dynasties forming the interregnum between Tang and Song (936-947), namely: Later Liang 后梁, Later Tang 后唐, | |
| 五代十国 | 五代十國 | wǔ dài shí guó | Five Dynasties (907-960) and Ten Kingdoms (902-979) | |
| 五代史 | 五代史 | wǔ dài shǐ | History of the Five Dynasties, eighteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正 in 974 during Northern Song 北宋, 150 scrolls | |
| 五大名山 | 五大名山 | wǔ dà míng shān | Five Sacred Mountains of the Daoists, namely: Mt Tai 泰山 in Shandong, Mt Hua 華山|华山 in Shaanxi, Mt Heng 衡山 in Hunan, Mt Heng 恆山 in Shanxi, Mt Song 嵩山 in Henan | Cinq montagnes sacrées du taoïsme |
| 五岳 | 五嶽 | wǔ yuè | Five Sacred Mountains of the Daoists, namely: Mt Tai 泰山 in Shandong, Mt Hua 華山|华山 in Shaanxi, Mt Heng 衡山 in Hunan, Mt Heng 恆山 in Shanxi, Mt Song 嵩山 in Henan | |
| 五灯会元 | 五燈會元 | wǔ dēng huì yuán | Song dynasty history of Zen Buddhism in China (1252), 20 scrolls | |
| 人非生而知之者，熟能无惑 | 人非生而知之者，熟能無惑 | rén fēi shēng ér zhī zhī zhě , shú néng wú huò | Knowledge is not innate to man, how can we overcome doubt? ; We are not born with knowledge, how does one achieve maturity? (i.e. without guidance from a teacher - Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈) | |
| 今古文 | 今古文 | jīn gǔ wén | former Han dynasty study or rewriting of classical texts such as the Confucian six classics 六經|六经 | |
| 今文经 | 今文經 | jīn wén jīng | former Han dynasty school of Confucian scholars | |
| 今文经学 | 今文經學 | jīn wén jīng xué | former Han dynasty school of Confucian scholars | |
| 代 | 代 | dài | to substitute ; to act on behalf of others ; to replace ; generation ; dynasty ; age ; period ; (historical) era ; (geological) eon | suppléant par intérim; génération; remplacer; substituder; |
| 令狐德棻 | 令狐德棻 | líng hú dé fēn | Linghu Defen (583-666), Tang dynasty historian, compiler of History of Zhou of the Northern dynasties 周書|周书 | |
| 以其人之道，还治其人之身 | 以其人之道，還治其人之身 | yǐ qí rén zhī dào , huán zhì qí rén zhī shēn | to use an opponent's own methods to obtain retribution (idiom, from Song dynasty neo-Confucianist Zhu Xi 朱熹); to get revenge by playing sb back at his own game ; to give sb a taste of his own medicine | |
| 任安 | 任安 | rèn ān | Ren An (-c. 90 BC), Han Dynasty general, also called Ren Shaoqing 任少卿 | |
| 仿宋 | 仿宋 | fǎng sòng | imitation Song dynasty typeface ; Fangsong font | |
| 伊州 | 伊州 | yī zhōu | Tang dynasty province in modern Xinjiang, around Kumul 哈密[Ha1 mi4] ; Illinois (US state) | |
| 伊思迈尔 | 伊思邁爾 | yī sī mài ěr | Ismail (name) ; Shāh Ismāil I (1487-1524), founder of Persian Safavid dynasty, reigned 1501-1524 | |
| 传唱 | 傳唱 | chuán chàng | (of a song) to pass from person to person | |
| 传奇 | 傳奇 | chuán qí | legendary ; fantasy saga ; romance ; short stories of the Tang and Song Dynasty | légendaire; conte; légende; |
| 伪朝 | 偽朝 | wěi cháo | bogus dynasty ; pretender | |
| 伯颜 | 伯顏 | bó yán | Bayan (name) ; Bayan of the Baarin (1236-1295), Mongol Yuan general under Khubilai Khan, victorious over the Southern Song 1235-1239 ; Bayan of the Merkid (-1340), Yuan dynasty general and politician | |
| 佛朗机 | 佛朗機 | fó lǎng jī | historical term for the Portuguese (transliteration used during Ming dynasty, sometimes inclusive of Spanish and other parts of Europe) ; a term now often used to denote Western (and so styled) cannon of the Ming era | |
| 作曲者 | 作曲者 | zuò qǔ zhě | composer ; song writer | |
| 俞文豹 | 俞文豹 | yú wén bào | Yu Wenbao (lived around 1240), prolific Song dynasty poet | |
| 做文章 | 做文章 | zuò wén zhāng | to make an issue of sth ; to fuss ; to make a song and dance | écrire un article; faire des histoires au sujet de |
| 儒林外史 | 儒林外史 | rú lín wài shǐ | The Scholars, Qing dynasty novel by Wu Jingzi 吴敬梓, an extended satire on the Imperial Examination system | |
| 儿女英雄传 | 兒女英雄傳 | ér nǚ yīng xióng zhuàn | novel by Manchu born Qing dynasty writer 文康 | |
| 元 | 元 | yuán | Chinese monetary unit ; dollar ; primary ; first ; the Yuan or Mongol dynasty (1279-1368) ; surname Yuan | yuan ( unité de la monnaie chinoise ); premier ; principal; |
| 元世祖 | 元世祖 | yuán shì zǔ | Kublai Khan (1215-1294), grandson of Genghis Khan 成吉思汗, first Yuan dynasty emperor, reigned 1260-1294 | |
| 元代 | 元代 | yuán dài | the Yuan or Mongol dynasty (1279-1368) | |
| 元军 | 元軍 | yuán jūn | Mongol army ; army of Yuan dynasty | |
| 元史 | 元史 | yuán shǐ | History of the Yuan dynasty, twenty third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Song Lian 宋濂 in 1370 during the Ming dynasty, 210 scrolls | |
| 元曲 | 元曲 | yuán qǔ | Yuan dynasty theater, including poetry, music and comedy | |
| 元朝 | 元朝 | yuán cháo | Yuan or Mongol dynasty (1279-1368) | |
| 元末 | 元末 | yuán mò | final years of Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) ; mid 14th century | |
| 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐 | 先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂 | xiān tiān xià zhī yōu ér yōu , hòu tiān xià zhī lè ér lè | The first concern is affairs of state, enjoying the pleasure comes later. Quotation from essay On Yueyang Tower 岳陽樓記|岳阳楼记 by Song writer Fan Zhongyan 範仲淹|范仲淹 | |
| 先秦 | 先秦 | xiān qín | pre-Qin, Chinese history up to the foundation of the Qin imperial dynasty in 221 BC | |
| 党项 | 黨項 | dǎng xiàng | Tangut branch of the Qiang 羌 ethnic group ; ancient ethnic group who made up the Xixia dynasty 西夏 1038-1227 | |
| 党项族 | 黨項族 | dǎng xiàng zú | Tangut branch of the Qiang 羌 ethnic group ; ancient ethnic group who made up the Xixia dynasty 西夏 1038-1227 | |
| 八旗 | 八旗 | bā qí | Eight Banners, military organization of Manchu later Jin dynasty 後金|后金[Hou4 Jin1] from c. 1600, subsequently of the Qing dynasty | |
| 公府 | 公府 | gōng fǔ | government post in Han dynasty | |
| 公羊传 | 公羊傳 | gōng yáng zhuàn | Mr Gongyang's annals or commentary on 春秋, early history, probably written by multiple authors during Han dynasty, same as 公羊春秋|公羊春秋 | |
| 公羊春秋 | 公羊春秋 | gōng yáng chūn qiū | Mr Gongyang's annals or commentary on 春秋, early history, probably written during Han dynasty, same as 公羊傳|公羊传 | |
| 关汉卿 | 關漢卿 | guān hàn qīng | Guan Hanqing (c. 1235-c. 1300), Yuan dynasty dramatist in the 雜劇|杂剧 tradition of musical comedy, one of the Four Great Yuan dramatists 元曲四大家 | |
| 册府元龟 | 冊府元龜 | cè fǔ yuán guī | Prime tortoise of the record bureau, Song dynasty historical encyclopedia of political essays, autobiography, memorials and decrees, compiled 1005-1013 under Wang Qinruo 王欽若|王钦若 and Yang Yi 楊億| | |
| 冔 | 冔 | xǔ | cap of Yin dynasty | |
| 军机 | 軍機 | jūn jī | military aircraft ; secret plan ; Privy Council during the Qing dynasty | |
| 军机处 | 軍機處 | jūn jī chù | Office of Military and Political Affairs (Qing Dynasty) | |
| 冯梦龙 | 馮夢龍 | féng mèng lóng | Feng Menglong (1574-1646), late Ming dynasty novelist writing in colloquial (baihua), author of Tales old and new 古今小說|古今小说 | |
| 冰壶秋月 | 冰壺秋月 | bīng hú qiū yuè | jade ice jug and autumn moon (idiom, from poem by Song writer Su Dongpo 蘇東坡|苏东坡); fig. spotless white and pure ; flawless person | |
| 凇 | 凇 | sōng | icicle | |
| 凌濛初 | 凌濛初 | líng méng chū | Ling Mengchu (1580-1644), Ming dynasty novelist and dramatist ; also written 凌蒙初|凌蒙初 | |
| 凌蒙初 | 凌蒙初 | líng méng chū | Ling Mengchu (1580-1644), Ming dynasty novelist and dramatist ; also written 凌濛初|凌濛初 | |
| 凯歌 | 凱歌 | kǎi gē | triumphal hymn ; victory song ; paean | chant de triomphe; |
| 分巡兵备道 | 分巡兵備道 | fēn xún bīng bèi dào | Qing Dynasty General Supervisory and Military Command | |
| 刘备 | 劉備 | liú bèi | Liu Bei (161-223), warlord at the end of the Han dynasty and founder of the Han kingdom of Shu 蜀漢|蜀汉 (c. 200-263), later the Shu Han dynasty | |
| 刘宋 | 劉宋 | liú sòng | Song of the Southern dynasties 南朝宋 (420-479), with capital at Nanjing | |
| 刘宋时代 | 劉宋時代 | liú sòng shí dài | Song of the Southern dynasties (420-479), with capital at Nanjing | |
| 刘昫 | 劉昫 | liú xù | Liu Xu (887-946), politician in Later Jin of the Five Dynasties 後晉|后晋, compiled History of Early Tang Dynasty 舊唐書|旧唐书 | |
| 刘毅 | 劉毅 | liú yì | Liu Yi (-285), famous incorruptible official of Western Jin dynasty the Western Jin dynasty 西晉|西晋[Xi1 jin4] (265-316) ; Liu Yi (-412), general of Eastern Jin dynasty 東晉|东晋[Dong1 Jin4] (317-420) | |
| 刘渊 | 劉淵 | liú yuān | Liu Yuan, warlord at the end of the Western Jin dynasty 西晋, founder of Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms 成漢|成汉 (304-347) | |
| 刘裕 | 劉裕 | liú yù | Liu Yu, founder of Song of the Southern dynasties 劉宋|刘宋, broke away from Eastern Jin in 420, reigned as Emperor Wudi of Song 宋武帝 | |
| 初刻拍案惊奇 | 初刻拍案驚奇 | chū kè pāi àn jīng qí | Slap the table in amazement, Part I ; first of two books of stories by Ming dynasty novelist Ling Mengchu 凌蒙初 | |
| 判官 | 判官 | pàn guān | magistrate (during Tang and Song dynasties) ; mythological underworld judge | |
| 前朝 | 前朝 | qián cháo | the previous dynasty | la dynastie précédente |
| 前汉 | 前漢 | qián hàn | the former Han or Western Han 西漢|西汉 dynasty (206 BC-8 AD) | |
| 前汉书 | 前漢書 | qián hàn shū | History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史|二十四史[Er4 shi2 xi4 Shi3], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Ban1 Gu4] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls | |
| 劝农使 | 勸農使 | quàn nóng shǐ | envoy charge with promoting agriculture (in Han dynasty) | |
| 努尔哈赤 | 努爾哈赤 | nǔ ěr hā chì | Nurhaci (1559-1626), founder and first Khan of the Manchu Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金 (from 1616) | |
| 勃海 | 勃海 | bó hǎi | Han dynasty province around the Bohai sea ; renamed 渤海 after the Han | |
| 包公 | 包公 | bāo gōng | Lord Bao or Judge Bao, fictional nickname of Bao Zheng 包拯|包拯[Bao1 Zheng3] (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty | |
| 包待制 | 包待制 | bāo dài zhì | Bao Daizhi, "Edict Attendant Bao", fictional name used for Bao Zheng 包拯|包拯[Bao1 Zheng3] (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty | |
| 包拯 | 包拯 | bāo zhěng | Bao Zheng (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty ; modern day metaphor for an honest politician | |
| 包青天 | 包青天 | bāo qīng tiān | Bao Qingtian, fictional nickname of Bao Zheng 包拯|包拯[Bao1 Zheng3] (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty | |
| 包龙图 | 包龍圖 | bāo lóng tú | Bao Longtu, ”Bao of the Dragon Image”, fictional name used for Bao Zheng 包拯|包拯[Bao1 Zheng3] (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty | |
| 北史 | 北史 | běi shǐ | History of the Northern Dynasties, fifteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽|李延寿 in 659 during Tang dynasty, 100 scrolls | |
| 北周 | 北周 | běi zhōu | the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581) ; one of the Northern Dynasties | Dynastie Zhou du Nord (557-581) |
| 北宋 | 北宋 | běi sòng | the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) | Dynastie Song du Nord (960- 1127); |
| 北宋四大部书 | 北宋四大部書 | běi sòng sì dà bù shū | Four great compilations of Northern Song dynasty, namely: Extensive records of the Taiping era (978) 太平廣記|太平广记, Imperial readings of the Taiping era 太平御覽|太平& | |
| 北汉 | 北漢 | běi hàn | Han of the Five dynasties (951-979), one of ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms period (907-960) | |
| 北洋 | 北洋 | běi yáng | the Qing Dynasty name for the coastal provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong | nom des trois provinces côtières Liaoning, Hebei et Shandong sous la dynastie des Qing; |
| 北邙 | 北邙 | běi máng | Mt Mang at Luoyang in Henan, with many Han, Wei and Jin dynasty royal tombs | |
| 北齐书 | 北齊書 | běi qí shū | History of Qi of the Northern dynasties, eleventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Li Baiyao 李百藥|李百药 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 50 scrolls | |
| 华佗 | 華佗 | huà tuó | Hua Tuo, famous doctor at the end of Han dynasty, reputedly murdered by Cao Cao 曹操 | |
| 华林 | 華林 | huá lín | Hualinbu, Ming dynasty theatrical troupe in Nanjing | |
| 华林部 | 華林部 | huá lín bù | Hualinbu, Ming dynasty theatrical troupe in Nanjing | |
| 单于 | 單于 | chán yú | Chanyu (Han dynasty name for chiefs of Xiongnu Huns 匈奴) | chef des Huns |
| 南史 | 南史 | nán shǐ | History of the Southern Dynasties, fourteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽|李延寿 in 659 during Tang dynasty, 80 scrolls | |
| 南宋 | 南宋 | nán sòng | the Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279) | |
| 南朝宋 | 南朝宋 | nán cháo sòng | Song of the Southern dynasties (420-479), with capital at Nanjing ; also known as Liu Song 劉宋|刘宋 | |
| 卜辞 | 卜辭 | bǔ cí | oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty (16th-11th century BC) on tortoiseshells or animal bones | Inscriptions de l'oracle de la dynastie des Shang(XVI^e-XX^e siècle A.C.)gravées sur des os d'animaux ou des carapaces de tortues; |
| 卿 | 卿 | qīng | high ranking official (old) ; term of endearment between spouses (old) ; (from the Tang Dynasty onwards) term used by the emperor for his subjects (old) ; honorific (old) | ministre; dignitaire; |
| 友谊地久天长 | 友誼地久天長 | yǒu yì dì jiǔ tiān cháng | Auld Lang Syne, Scottish song with lyrics by Robert Burns 羅伯特・伯恩斯|罗伯特・伯恩斯[Luo2 bo2 te4 · Bo2 en1 si1], sung to mark the start of a new year or as a fare | |
| 双簧 | 雙簧 | shuāng huáng | a form or theatrical double act, popular since Qing times, with one player seated stage front and acting out the poem or song of the second player hidden at the back (also written 雙黄|双黄) ; double reed (as used in oboe or bassoo | |
| 变文 | 變文 | biàn wén | a popular form of narrative literature flourishing in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) with alternate prose and rhymed parts for recitation and singing (often on Buddhist themes) | |
| 古文 | 古文 | gǔ wén | old language ; the Classics ; classical Chinese as a literary model, esp. in Tang and Song prose ; classical Chinese as a school subject | |
| 古文运动 | 古文運動 | gǔ wén yùn dòng | cultural movement aspiring to study and emulate classic works, at different periods of history, esp. Tang and Song | |
| 古筝 | 古箏 | gǔ zhēng | zither or guzheng ; large zither with 13 to 25 strings, developed from guqin 古琴 during Tang and Song times | |
| 古董滩 | 古董灘 | gǔ dǒng tān | Gudong desert or Antiques desert at Han dynasty Yangguan pass 陽關|阳关[Yang2 guan1], named after many Han dynasty archaeological discoveries | |
| 另册 | 另冊 | lìng cè | the Other List (Qing dynasty register of outlaws) ; a blacklist of undesirables | |
| 史思明 | 史思明 | shǐ sī míng | Shi Siming (703-761), non-Han military man and colleague of An Lushan 安禄山, eventually conspirator with him in the 755-763 Anshi rebellion 安史之亂|安史之乱 against the Tang dynasty | Shi Siming |
| 司天台 | 司天臺 | sī tiān tái | Observatory or Bureau of Astronomy (official title) from the Tang dynasty onwards | |
| 司马光 | 司馬光 | sī mǎ guāng | Sima Guang (1019-1086), politician and historian of Northern Song, author of Comprehensive Mirror for aid in Government 資治通鑒|资治通鉴 | |
| 司马懿 | 司馬懿 | sī mǎ yì | Sima Yi (179-251), warlord under Cao Cao and subsequently founder of the Jin dynasty | |
| 司马承帧 | 司馬承幀 | sī mǎ chéng zhèng | Sima Chengzheng (655-735), Daoist priest in Tang dynasty | |
| 司马炎 | 司馬炎 | sī mǎ yán | Sima Yan (236-290), founding emperor of Jin dynasty 晋 after the Three Kingdoms period, reigned 265-290 as Emperor Wu of Jin 晉武帝 | |
| 司马谈 | 司馬談 | sī mǎ tán | Sima Tan (-110 BC), Han dynasty scholar and historian, and father of 司馬遷|司马迁[Si1 ma3 Qian1] | |
| 吅 | 吅 | sòng | variant of 喧 clamor ; noise ; noisy | |
| 名曲 | 名曲 | míng qǔ | famous song ; well-known piece of music | célèbre chanson; pièce musicale bien connue |
| 后周 | 後周 | hòu zhōu | Later Zhou of the Five Dynasties (951-960), centered on Shandong and Hebei, with capital at Kaifeng 开封 | |
| 后汉 | 後漢 | hòu hàn | Later Han or Eastern Han dynasty (25-220) ; Later Han of the Five Dynasties (947-950) | |
| 后汉书 | 後漢書 | hòu hàn shū | History of Eastern Han (later Han), third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed by Fan Ye 範曄|范晔 in 445 during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋, 120 scrolls | |
| 后西游记 | 後西遊記 | hòu xī yóu jì | one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记 | |
| 后金 | 後金 | hòu jīn | Later Jin dynasty (from 1616-) ; Manchu Khanate or kingdom that took over as Qing dynasty in 1644 | |
| 吐蕃 | 吐蕃 | tǔ fān | Tubo, ancient name for Tibet ; the Tibetan Tubo dynasty 7th-11th century AD | |
| 吐蕃王朝 | 吐蕃王朝 | tǔ bō wáng cháo | the Tibetan Tubo dynasty 7th-11th century AD | |
| 吕不韦 | 呂不韋 | lǚ bù wéi | Lü Buwei (?291-235 BC), merchant and politician of the State of Qin秦國|秦国[Qin2 Guo2], subsequent Qin Dynasty秦代[Qin2 Dai4] Chancellor, allegedly the father of Ying Zhen 嬴政[Ying2 Zheng4], who subse | |
| 吕岩 | 呂岩 | lǚ yán | Lü Yan (lived c. 874), Tang dynasty poet | |
| 启蒙 | 啟蒙 | qǐ mēng | to instruct the young ; to initiate ; to awake sb from ignorance ; to free sb from prejudice or superstition ; primer ; enlightened ; the Enlightenment ; Western learning from the late Qing dynasty | éclairer les ignorants; instruire les enfants; |
| 吴任臣 | 吳任臣 | wú rèn chén | Wu Renchen (1628-1689), Qing dynasty polymath and historian, author of History of Ten States of South China 十國春秋|十国春秋 | |
| 吴嘉经 | 吳嘉經 | wú jiā jīng | Wu Jiajing (1618-1684), early Qing dynasty poet | |
| 吴敬梓 | 吳敬梓 | wú jìng zǐ | Wu Jingzi (1701-1754), Qing dynasty novelist, author of The Scholars 儒林外史 | |
| 吴自牧 | 吳自牧 | wú zì mù | Wu Zimu (lived c. 1270), writer at the end of the Song dynasty | |
| 吴越曲 | 吳越曲 | wú yuè qū | folk song from Wu or from south China more generally | |
| 吴趼人 | 吳趼人 | wú jiǎn rén | Wu Jianren (1867-1910), late Qing dynasty novelist, author of The strange state of the world witnessed over 20 years 二十年目睹之怪現狀|二十年目睹之怪现& | Wu Jianren |
| 周书 | 周書 | zhōu shū | History of Zhou of the Northern dynasties, twelfth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Linghu Defen 令狐德棻 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 50 scrolls | |
| 周代 | 周代 | zhōu dài | Zhou dynasty (1046-221 BC) | |
| 周敦颐 | 周敦頤 | zhōu dūn yí | Zhou Dun'yi (1017-1073), Song dynasty neo-Confucian scholar | |
| 周文王 | 周文王 | zhōu wén wáng | King Wen of Zhou state (c. 1152-1056 BC), reigned c. 1099-1056 BC as king of Zhou state, leading figure in building the subsequent Western Zhou dynasty, father of King Wu of Zhou 周武王 the first Zhou dynasty king | |
| 周朝 | 周朝 | zhōu cháo | Zhou Dynasty ; Eastern Zhou 東周|东周 (1046-771 BC) and Western Zhou 西周 (770-221 BC) | |
| 周武王 | 周武王 | zhōu wǔ wáng | King Wu of Zhou (-1043), personal name Ji Fa 姬發|姬发, reigned 1046-1043 BC as first king of Western Zhou dynasty 1046-1043 BC | |
| 周武王姬发 | 周武王姬發 | zhōu wǔ wáng jī fā | King Wu of Zhou, personal name Ji Fa, reigned 1046-1043 BC as first king of Western Zhou dynasty 1046-1043 BC | |
| 周王朝 | 周王朝 | zhōu wáng cháo | the Zhou dynasty from 1027 BC | |
| 咫 | 咫 | zhǐ | 8 in. length unit of Zhou dynasty | |
| 哀歌 | 哀歌 | āi gē | mournful song ; dirge ; elegy | élégie |
| 哈布斯堡 | 哈布斯堡 | hā bù sī bǎo | Hapsburg (European dynasty) | |
| 唐三藏 | 唐三藏 | táng sān zàng | Tripitaka (602-664) Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator, who traveled to India 629-645 ; same as 玄奘 | |
| 唐书 | 唐書 | táng shū | same as 舊唐書|旧唐书, History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫 in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后 | |
| 唐代 | 唐代 | táng dài | Tang dynasty (618-907) | |
| 唐僧 | 唐僧 | táng sēng | Xuanzang (602-664) Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator, who traveled to India 629-645 | |
| 唐宋 | 唐宋 | táng sòng | the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties | |
| 唐宋八大家 | 唐宋八大家 | táng sòng bā dà jiā | Eight Giants of Tang and Song prose, esp. involved in the Classics movement 古文運動|古文运动, namely: Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈, Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元|柳宗元 | |
| 唐朝 | 唐朝 | táng cháo | Tang dynasty (618-907) | |
| 唐末 | 唐末 | táng mò | late Tang ; the last years of the Tang dynasty ; around 900 | |
| 唐棣 | 唐棣 | táng dì | shadbush or shadberry (genus Amelanchier) ; painter and poet of the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) | |
| 唐诗三百首 | 唐詩三百首 | táng shī sān bǎi shǒu | Three hundred Tang dynasty poems, a stable anthology collected around 1763 by Sun Zhu 孫誅 | |
| 唐顺宗 | 唐順宗 | táng shùn zōng | Emperor Shunzong of Tang (761-806), reign name of eleventh Tang emperor Li Song李誦|李诵 [Li3 Song4], reigned 805-806 | |
| 唱曲 | 唱曲 | chàng qū | song | |
| 唱歌 | 唱歌 | chàng gē | to sing a song | chanter; |
| 商代 | 商代 | shāng dài | the prehistoric Shang dynasty (c. 16th-11th century BC) | |
| 商朝 | 商朝 | shāng cháo | Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC) | Dynastie Shang |
| 喀拉汗国 | 喀拉汗國 | kā lā hàn guó | Karakhan dynasty of central Asia, 8th-10th century | |
| 喀拉汗王朝 | 喀拉汗王朝 | kā lā hàn wáng cháo | Karakhan dynasty of central Asia, 8th-10th century | |
| 嘉定 | 嘉定 | jiā dìng | Jiading district of northwest Shanghai ; final reign name 1208-1224 of South Song emperor Ningzong 寧宗|宁宗[Ning2 zong1] | |
| 嘉峪关城 | 嘉峪關城 | jiā yù guān chéng | Jiayuguan fort in the Gansu corridor ; Ming dynasty military fort, the western end of the Great Wall | |
| 四库全书 | 四庫全書 | sì kù quán shū | Siku Quanshu (collection of books compiled during Qing dynasty) | |
| 回鹘 | 回鶻 | huí hú | Huihu, Tang dynasty name of ethnic group corresponding to modern Uighur 維吾爾|维吾尔[Wei2 wu2 er3] | |
| 团结就是力量 | 團結就是力量 | tuán jié jiù shì lì liang | Unity is strength (revolutionary slogan and popular song of 1943) | |
| 国号 | 國號 | guó hào | title of current dynasty (as the name of China), such as Tang or Ming ; name of a country (such as People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國|中华人民共和国 or Republic of | |
| 圣朝 | 聖朝 | shèng cháo | the current imperial dynasty ; one's own court | |
| 圣诞颂 | 聖誕頌 | shèng dàn sòng | Christmas song ; a Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens | |
| 埄 | 埄 | běng | landmark used during the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE) | |
| 复古 | 復古 | fù gǔ | to return to old ways (a Confucian aspiration) ; to turn back the clock ; neoclassical school during Tang and Song associated with classical writing 古文 ; retro (fashion style based on nostalgia, esp. for 1960s) | remettre en honneur de ce qui est ancien; revenir au passé; |
| 夏代 | 夏代 | xià dài | Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC | |
| 夏朝 | 夏朝 | xià cháo | Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 BC) | Xia |
| 夏王朝 | 夏王朝 | xià wáng cháo | Xia dynasty, unconfirmed but placed at c. 2070-c. 1600 BC | |
| 夏黄公 | 夏黃公 | xià huáng gōng | Xia Huanggong also known as Huang Shigong 黃石公|黄石公[Huang2 Shi2 gong1] (dates of birth and death uncertain), Daoist hermit of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin2 Dai4] and purported author of ”Three Strategi | |
| 夜郎 | 夜郎 | yè láng | Han dynasty name for southern ethnic group ; southern barbarian | |
| 大一统志 | 大一統誌 | dà yī tǒng zhì | Dayuan Dayi Tongzhi, Yuan dynasty geographical encyclopedia, compiled 1285-1294 under Jamal al-Din 紮馬剌丁|扎马剌丁 and Yu Yinglong 虞應龍|虞应龙, 755 scrolls | |
| 大元大一统志 | 大元大一統誌 | dà yuán dà yī tǒng zhì | Dayuan Dayi Tongzhi, Yuan dynasty geographical encyclopedia, compiled 1285-1294 under Jamal al-Din 紮馬剌丁|扎马剌丁 and Yu Yinglong 虞應龍|虞应龙, 755 scrolls | |
| 大刀会 | 大刀會 | dà dāo huì | Great Sword Society, an offshoot of the White Lotus in the late Qing dynasty, involved in anti-Western activity at the time of the Boxer rebellion | |
| 大唐 | 大唐 | dà táng | the Tang dynasty (618-907) | |
| 大唐狄公案 | 大唐狄公案 | dà táng dí gōng àn | Three murder cases solved by Judge Dee (lit. the Tang dynasty Di Renji case), 1949 novel by R.H. van Gulik featuring Tang dynasty politician Di Renjie 狄仁傑|狄仁杰[Di2 Ren2 jie2] as master sleuth | |
| 大汉 | 大漢 | dà hàn | big person ; the great Han dynasty | |
| 大清 | 大清 | dà qīng | the (great) Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911) | |
| 大清帝国 | 大清帝國 | dà qīng dì guó | the (great) Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911) ; Qing empire | |
| 大秦 | 大秦 | dà qín | Han Dynasty term for the Roman Empire 羅馬帝國|罗马帝国[Luo2 ma3 Di4 guo2] | |
| 大西洋国 | 大西洋國 | dà xī yáng guó | Historical name for Portugal during the Qing dynasty | |
| 大雅 | 大雅 | dà yǎ | one of the three main divisions of the Book of Song 詩經|诗经 | |
| 大韩帝国 | 大韓帝國 | dà hán dì guó | Korean empire, from fall of Joseon dynasty in 1897 to annexation by Japan in 1910 | |
| 太宗 | 太宗 | tài zōng | posthumous name given to second emperor of a dynasty ; King Taejong of Joseon Korea (1367-1422), reigned 1400-1418 | |
| 太平御览 | 太平御覽 | tài píng yù lǎn | Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era, general Song dynasty encyclopedia compiled during 977-983 under Li Fan 李昉, 1000 scrolls | |
| 太极图说 | 太極圖說 | tài jí tú shuō | philosophical book by Song dynasty scholar Zhou Dun'yi 周敦頤|周敦颐, starting from an interpretation of the Book of Changes | |
| 太祖 | 太祖 | tài zǔ | Great Ancestor (posthumous title, e.g. for the founder of a dynasty) | |
| 套数 | 套數 | tào shù | song cycle in Chinese opera ; fig. a series of tricks ; polite remarks | |
| 女真 | 女真 | nǚ zhēn | Nüzhen or Jurchen, a Tungus ethnic group, predecessor of the Manchu ethnic group who founded the later Jin dynasty 後金|后金 and Qing dynasty | Nüzhen ou Jurchen |
| 奴儿干 | 奴兒干 | nú ér gān | part of Heilongjiang and the Vladivostok area ruled by the Ming dynasty | |
| 奴儿干都司 | 奴兒干都司 | nú ér gān dū sī | the Ming dynasty provincial headquarters in the Heilongjiang and Vladivostok area | |
| 妲己 | 妲己 | dá jǐ | Daji (c. 11th century BC), mythical fox spirit and concubine of the last Shang Dynasty Emperor Zhou Xin 紂辛|纣辛[Zhou4 Xin1] | |
| 妺 | 妺 | mò | wife of the last ruler of the Xia dynasty | |
| 娀 | 娀 | sōng | name of an ancient state | |
| 孔林 | 孔林 | kǒng lín | the Confucius family mausoleum at Qufu 曲阜, rebuilt and extended by every dynasty | |
| 孔雀王朝 | 孔雀王朝 | kǒng què wáng cháo | Maurya dynasty of India (322-185 BC) | |
| 孙坚 | 孫堅 | sūn jiān | Sun Jian (155-191), famous general at end of Han dynasty, forerunner of the southern kingdom of Wu of the Three Kingdoms | |
| 孙思邈 | 孫思邈 | sūn sī miǎo | Sūn Sīmiǎo (c. 581–682), doctor and herbalist of the Sui and Tang dynasty, author of Prescriptions Worth a Thousand in Gold 千金要方|千金要方[Qian1 jin1 yao4 fang1] | |
| 孙诛 | 孫誅 | sūn zhū | Sun Zhu (1711-1778), poet and compiler of Three hundred Tang dynasty poems 唐詩三百首|唐诗三百首[Tang2 shi1 san1 bai3 shou3] ; also known by assumed name 蘅塘退士|蘅 | |
| 孝肃 | 孝肅 | xiào sù | Xiaosu, posthumous name of Bao Zheng 包拯|包拯[Bao1 Zheng3] (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty | |
| 孟姜女 | 孟姜女 | mèng jiāng nǚ | heroine of Qin dynasty 秦朝 folk tale, who searched for her husband, and whose tears broke down a stretch of the Great Wall to reveal his body | Lady Meng Jiang |
| 孟浩然 | 孟浩然 | mèng hào rán | Meng Haoran (689-740), Tang Dynasty Poet | |
| 孟郊 | 孟郊 | mèng jiāo | Meng Jiao (751-814), Tang dynasty essayist and poet | |
| 宁宗 | 寧宗 | níng zōng | Emperor Ningzong of Southern Song (1168-1224) | |
| 安史之乱 | 安史之亂 | ān shǐ zhī luàn | An Shi rebellion (755-763) of 安禄山[An1 Lu4 shan1] and 史思明[Shi3 Si1 ming2], a catastrophic setback for Tang dynasty | |
| 宋 | 宋 | sòng | surname Song ; the Song dynasty (960-1279) ; also Song of the Southern dynasties 南朝宋 (420-479) | (nom de famille); |
| 宋书 | 宋書 | sòng shū | History of Song of the Southern dynasties 南朝宋 or Liu Song 劉宋|刘宋, sixth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Shen Yue 沈約 in 488 during Liang of the Souther | |
| 宋代 | 宋代 | sòng dài | Song dynasty (960-1279) | |
| 宋体 | 宋體 | sòng tǐ | Mincho ; Song font | |
| 宋史 | 宋史 | sòng shǐ | History of the Song dynasty, twentieth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed under Toktoghan 脱脱 in 1345 during the Yuan 元 dynasty, 496 scrolls ; (not to be confused with 宋書|宋È | |
| 宋四大书 | 宋四大書 | sòng sì dà shū | Four great compilations of Northern Song dynasty, namely: Extensive records of the Taiping era (978) 太平廣記|太平广记, Imperial readings of the Taiping era 太平御覽|太平& | |
| 宋四家 | 宋四家 | sòng sì jiā | four famous Song calligraphers, namely: Su Shi 蘇軾|苏轼, Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅|黄庭坚, Mi Fei 米芾 and Cai Xiang 蔡襄 | |
| 宋太祖 | 宋太祖 | sòng tài zǔ | Emperor Taizu of Song, posthumous title of the founding Song emperor Zhao Kuangyin 趙匡胤|赵匡胤 (927-976), reigned from 960 | |
| 宋庆龄 | 宋慶齡 | sòng qìng líng | Song Qingling or Rosemonde Soong (1893-1981), wife of Sun Yat-sen 孫中山|孙中山[Sun1 Zhong1 shan1 | |
| 宋徽宗 | 宋徽宗 | sòng huī zōng | Emperor Huizong (Song Dynasty) | |
| 宋慈 | 宋慈 | sòng cí | Song Ci (1186-1249), Southern Song lawyer, editor of Record of Washed Grievances 洗冤集錄|洗冤集录 (1247), said to be the world's first legal forensic text | |
| 宋承宪 | 宋承憲 | sòng chéng xiàn | Song | |
| 宋教仁 | 宋教仁 | sòng jiào rén | Song Jiaoren (1882-1913), politician of the revolutionary party involved in the 1911 Xinhai revolution, murdered in Shanghai in 1913 | |
| 宋朝 | 宋朝 | sòng cháo | Song Dynasty (960-1279) ; also Song of Southern dynasties 南朝宋 (420-479) | |
| 宋武帝 | 宋武帝 | sòng wǔ dì | Emperor Wudi of Song ; Liu Yu, founder of Song of the Southern dynasties 劉宋|刘宋, broke away from Eastern Jin in 420 | |
| 宋武帝刘裕 | 宋武帝劉裕 | sòng wǔ dì liú yù | Liu Yu, founder of Southern dynasty Song 劉宋|刘宋, broke away from Eastern Jin in 420 | |
| 宋江 | 宋江 | sòng jiāng | Song Jiang, a principal hero of the novel Water Margin 水滸傳|水浒传 | |
| 宋濂 | 宋濂 | sòng lián | Song Lian (1310-1381), Ming dynasty writer, historian and politician | |
| 宋白 | 宋白 | sòng bái | Song Bai (936-1012), Northern Song literary man | |
| 宋祁 | 宋祁 | sòng qí | Song Qi (998-1061), Song dynasty poet and writer, coauthor of History of the Later Tang Dynasty 新唐書|新唐书 | |
| 宋美龄 | 宋美齡 | sòng měi líng | Soong Mei-ling or Song Meiling (1898-2003), Chiang Kai-shek's wife (subsequently widow) | |
| 宋襄公 | 宋襄公 | sòng xiāng gōng | Duke Xiang of Song (reigned 650-637 BC), sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸 | |
| 定海 | 定海 | dìng hǎi | Dinghai district of Zhoushan city 舟山市[Zhou1 shan1 shi4], Zhejiang ; Qing dynasty name of 舟山市 | |
| 定鼎 | 定鼎 | dìng dǐng | lit. to set up the sacred tripods (following Yu the Great) ; to fix the capital ; to found a dynasty ; used in advertising | |
| 寇准 | 寇準 | kòu zhǔn | Kou Zhun (961-1023), Northern Song politician and poet | |
| 封神榜 | 封神榜 | fēng shén bǎng | Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王 overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc | |
| 封神演义 | 封神演義 | fēng shén yǎn yì | Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王 overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc | |
| 尉迟恭 | 尉遲恭 | wèi chí gōng | General Wei Chigong (585-658), famous military man instrumental in founding the Tang dynasty | |
| 小篆 | 小篆 | xiǎo zhuàn | the small or lesser seal, the form of Chinese character standardized by the Qin dynasty | style d'écriture "petit sceau"; |
| 山歌 | 山歌 | shān gē | folk song ; mountain song | chanson folklorique; chant montagnard |
| 岐路灯 | 岐路燈 | qí lù dēng | Lamp in side-street (c. 1777), novel by Qing dynasty writer Li Lüyuan 李綠園|李绿园 | |
| 岳阳楼记 | 岳陽樓記 | yuè yáng lóu jì | On Yueyang Tower (1045), essay by Song writer Fan Zhongyan 範仲淹|范仲淹 | Livre de Josué |
| 岳飞 | 岳飛 | yuè fēi | Yue Fei (1103-1142), Song dynasty patriot and general | |
| 崔萤 | 崔螢 | cuī yíng | Choi Yeong (1316-1388), general of Korean Goryeo dynasty | |
| 崔颢 | 崔顥 | cuī hào | Cui Hao (-754), Tang dynasty poet and author of poem Yellow Crane Tower 黃鶴樓|黄鹤楼 | |
| 崧 | 崧 | sōng | lofty ; name of a mountain in Henan | ; |
| 嵩 | 嵩 | sōng | lofty ; Mt Song in Henan | ; |
| 嵩县 | 嵩縣 | sōng xiàn | Song county in Luoyang 洛陽|洛阳, Henan | |
| 嵩山 | 嵩山 | sōng shān | Mt Song in Henan, central of the Five Sacred Mountains 五嶽|五岳 | |
| 左思 | 左思 | zuǒ sī | Zuo Si (3rd century), Jin dynasty writer and poet | |
| 巴布尔 | 巴布爾 | bā bù ěr | Zaheeruddin Babur (1483-1530), first ruler of Mughal dynasty of India | |
| 希仁 | 希仁 | xī rén | Xiren, courtesy title of Bao Zheng 包拯|包拯[Bao1 Zheng3] (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty | |
| 帝俊 | 帝俊 | dì jùn | Dijun, Shang dynasty protector God ; possibly same as legendary Emperor 帝嚳|帝喾 | |
| 常胜军 | 常勝軍 | cháng shèng jūn | Ever Victorious Army (1860-1864), Qing dynasty army equipped and trained jointly with Europeans and used esp. against the Taiping rebels | |
| 平话 | 平話 | píng huà | storytelling dramatic art dating back to Song and Yuan periods, single narrator without music, often historical topics with commentary | |
| 年间 | 年間 | nián jiān | in the years of ; during those years ; period (of dynasty or decade) | dans les années; durant ces années; période |
| 广韵 | 廣韻 | guǎng yùn | Guangyun, Song dynasty rhyming dictionary | |
| 庆历新政 | 慶曆新政 | qìng lì xīn zhèng | failed reform of Northern Song government in 1043 | |
| 康乾盛世 | 康乾盛世 | kāng qián shèng shì | booming and golden age of Qing dynasty (from Kang Xi to Qian Long emperors) | |
| 廉俸 | 廉俸 | lián fèng | extra allowances paid to government officials in the Qing dynasty | |
| 建安 | 建安 | jiàn ān | reign name (196-219) at the end of the Han dynasty | |
| 开国元勋 | 開國元勳 | kāi guó yuán xūn | founding figure (of a country or dynasty) ; founding father ; fig. also used of company or school etc | pères fondateurs (d'un pays) |
| 开国元勛 | 開國元勛 | kāi guó yuán xūn | variant of 開國元勳|开国元勋, founding figure (of country or dynasty) ; founding father ; fig. also used of company, school etc | |
| 开国功臣 | 開國功臣 | kāi guó gōng chén | outstanding founding minister (title given to reward loyal general or vassal of new dynasty or state) | |
| 开封 | 開封 | kāi fēng | Kaifeng prefecture level city in Henan, old capital of Northern Song, former provincial capital of Henan ; old name Bianliang 汴梁 | |
| 开封市 | 開封市 | kāi fēng shì | Kaifeng prefecture level city in Henan, old capital of Northern Song, former provincial capital of Henan ; old name Bianliang 汴梁 | |
| 开封府 | 開封府 | kāi fēng fǔ | Kaifeng as the capital of Northern Song dynasty | |
| 开漳圣王 | 開漳聖王 | kāi zhāng shèng wáng | Sacred King, founder of Zhangzhou, posthumous title of Tang dynasty general Chen Yuanguang (657-711) 陳元光|陈元光[Chen2 Yuan2 guang1] | |
| 开篇 | 開篇 | kāi piān | start of literary work ; opening song of ballad in Tangci style 彈詞|弹词[tan2 ci2] | |
| 张廷玉 | 張廷玉 | zhāng tíng yù | Zhang Tingyu (1672-1755), Qing politician, senior minister to three successive emperors, oversaw compilation of History of the Ming dynasty 明史 and the Kangxi dictionary 康熙字典 | |
| 张择端 | 張擇端 | zhāng zé duān | Zhang Zeduan (1085-1145), Song dynasty painter | |
| 张旭 | 張旭 | zhāng xù | Zhang Xu (probably early 8th century), Tang dynasty poet and calligrapher, most famous for his grass script 草書|草书 | |
| 张易之 | 張易之 | zhāng yì zhī | Zhang Yizhi (-705), Tang dynasty politician and favorite of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天|武则天[Wu3 Ze2 tian1] | |
| 张溥 | 張溥 | zhāng pǔ | Zhang Pu (1602-1641), Ming dynasty scholar and prolific writer, proponent of 複社|复社[fu4 she4] cultural renewal movement, author of Five tombstone inscriptions 五人墓碑記|五人墓 | |
| 张若虚 | 張若虛 | zhāng ruò xū | Zhang Ruoxu (c. 660-720), Tang dynasty poet, author of yuefu poem River on a spring night 春江花月夜 | |
| 张衡 | 張衡 | zhāng héng | Zhang Heng (78-139) great Han dynasty astronomer and mathematician | |
| 张骞 | 張騫 | zhāng qiān | Zhang Qian (-114 BC), Han dynasty explorer of 2nd century BC | |
| 弦歌 | 弦歌 | xián gē | song to stringed accompaniment | |
| 德薄能鲜 | 德薄能鮮 | dé bó néng xiǎn | little virtue and meager abilities (idiom); I'm a humble person and not much use at anything (Song writer Ouyang Xiu 欧阳修) | |
| 心学 | 心學 | xīn xué | School of Mind ; Neo-Confucian Idealistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Wang Yangming 王陽明 ; 王阳明[Wang2 Yang2 ming2]) | |
| 快板儿 | 快板兒 | kuài bǎn r | clapper talk ; patter song (in opera) with clapperboard accompaniment | |
| 忽必烈 | 忽必烈 | hū bì liè | Kublai Khan (1215-1294), grandson of Genghis Khan 成吉思汗, first Yuan dynasty emperor, reigned 1260-1294 | |
| 怂 | 慫 | sǒng | arouse | ; |
| 总理衙门 | 總理衙門 | zǒng lǐ yá men | the Qing dynasty equivalent of the Foreign Office | |
| 总监 | 總監 | zǒng jiān | rank of local governor in Tang dynasty administration ; commissioner (police) ; inspector-general | commissaire ; inspecteur en chef |
| 恶声 | 惡聲 | è shēng | malicious abuse ; lewd song ; evil reputation | |
| 悚 | 悚 | sǒng | frightened | ; |
| 情歌 | 情歌 | qíng gē | love song | chanson d'amour |
| 戊戌 | 戊戌 | wù xū | thirty fifth year E11 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1958 or 2018 ; cf 戊戌政變|戊戌政变, failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898 | |
| 戊戌变法 | 戊戌變法 | wù xū biàn fǎ | failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898 ; also known as the hundred days reform 百日維新|百日维新 | |
| 戊戌政变 | 戊戌政變 | wù xū zhèng biàn | coup by Dowager Empress Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 Xi3 tai4 hou4] ending the 1898 attempt to reform the Qing dynasty | |
| 戊戌维新 | 戊戌維新 | wù xū wéi xīn | failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898 ; also called 戊戌變法|戊戌变法 | |
| 成均館 | 成均館 | chéng jūn guǎn | Koryo Seonggyungwan, university dating back to Korean Goryeo dynasty, in Gaesong, North Korea ; Sungkyun kwan university, Seoul | |
| 战国末 | 戰國末 | zhàn guó mò | late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty | |
| 战国末年 | 戰國末年 | zhàn guó mò nián | late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty | |
| 戴绿头巾 | 戴綠頭巾 | dài lǜ tóu jīn | lit. to wear green headband (to visit a Yuan dynasty brothel) ; cuckold | |
| 户部尚书 | 戶部尚書 | hù bù shàng shū | Minister of Revenue (from the Han dynasty onwards) | |
| 房玄龄 | 房玄齡 | fáng xuán líng | Fang Xuanling (579-648), Tang dynasty historian, compiler of History of Jin dynasty 晉書|晋书 | |
| 托克托 | 托克托 | tuō kè tuō | Togtoh county, Mongolian Togtox khoshuu, in Hohhot 呼和浩特[Hu1 he2 hao4 te4], Inner Mongolia ; alternative spelling of 脫脫|脱脱[Tuo1 tuo1], Yuan dynasty politician Toktoghan (1314-1355) | |
| 抒情诗 | 抒情詩 | shū qíng shī | lyric poetry ; a lyric song ; to serenade | poésie lyrique; chant lyrique; sérénade |
| 救星 | 救星 | jiù xīng | lit. saving star (cf star of Bethlehem in biblical nativity story) ; fig. savior (individual or organization) ; liberator ; emancipator ; knight in shining armor ; cf Mao Zedong in north Shaanxi folk song The East is red 東方紅|东& | |
| 教头 | 教頭 | jiào tóu | sporting coach ; military drill master (in Song times) | |
| 散曲 | 散曲 | sǎn qǔ | verse or song form from Yuan, Ming and Qing | |
| 斄 | 斄 | tái | ancient place name (a Han dynasty town in Shaanxi) ; variant of 邰 | |
| 文天祥 | 文天祥 | wén tiān xiáng | Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283), Song dynasty politician and poet, folk hero in resisting Mongol invasion in Jiangxi in 1275 | |
| 文苑英华 | 文苑英華 | wén yuàn yīng huá | Finest blossoms in the garden of literature, Song dynasty collection of poetry, odes, songs and writings compiled during 982-986 under Li Fan 李昉, Xu Xuan 徐鉉|徐铉, Song Bai 宋白 and Su Yijian 蘇 | |
| 文部 | 文部 | wén bù | Wenbu or Ombu village in Nyima county 尼瑪縣|尼玛县[Ni2 ma3 xian4], Nagchu prefecture, central Tibet ; Tang dynasty equivalent of 吏部, personnel office | |
| 斗牛士之歌 | 鬥牛士之歌 | dòu niú shì zhī gē | Toreador Song (Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre), famous aria from opera Carmen 卡門|卡门 by Georges Bizet | |
| 新五代史 | 新五代史 | xīn wǔ dài shǐ | Later History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), nineteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧阳修 in 1053 during Northern Song dynasty, 74 scr | |
| 新修本草 | 新修本草 | xīn xiū běn cǎo | Tang dynasty compendium of herbal medicine | |
| 新元史 | 新元史 | xīn yuán shǐ | New history of the Yuan dynasty, sometimes listed as one of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Ke Shaomin 柯邵忞 in 1920 | |
| 新唐书 | 新唐書 | xīn táng shū | History of the Later Tang Dynasty, seventeenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧陽修 and Song Qi 宋祁 in 1060 during Northern Song 北 | |
| 新朝 | 新朝 | xīn cháo | the Xin dynasty (8-23 AD) of Wang Mang 王莽, forming the interregnum between the former and later Han | |
| 日南郡 | 日南郡 | rì nán jùn | Han dynasty province in Vietnam | |
| 旧五代史 | 舊五代史 | jiù wǔ dài shǐ | History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), eighteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正 in 974 during Northern Song 北宋, 150 scrolls | |
| 旧唐书 | 舊唐書 | jiù táng shū | History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫|刘昫 in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后晋 of the Five Dynasties, 200 scroll | |
| 明代 | 明代 | míng dài | the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) | Dynastie Ming |
| 明体 | 明體 | míng tǐ | Mincho ; Song font | |
| 明史 | 明史 | míng shǐ | History of the Ming dynasty, twenty fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉|张廷玉 in 1739 during the Qing dynasty, 332 scrolls | |
| 明实录 | 明實錄 | míng shí lù | annals of the Ming Dynasty 明朝 明朝 [ming2 chao2] (1368-1644) | Annales de la Dynastie Ming |
| 易司马仪 | 易司馬儀 | yì sī mǎ yí | Ismail (name) ; Shāh Ismāil I (1487-1524), founder of Persian Safavid dynasty, reigned 1501-1524 | |
| 春秋繁露 | 春秋繁露 | chūn qiū fán lù | Rich dew of spring and autumn, ideological tract by Han dynasty political philosopher Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 | |
| 晋 | 晉 | jìn | the Jin dynasties (265-420) ; the Western Jin 西晉|西晋 (265-316), Eastern Jin 東晉|东晋 (317-420) and Later Jin dynasty (936-946) ; abbr. for Shanxi province 山西 | avancer; promouvoir; |
| 晋书 | 晉書 | jìn shū | History of the Jin dynasty, fifth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 in 648 during Tang dynasty 唐朝, 130 scrolls | |
| 曲 | 曲 | qǔ | tune ; song | chant; chanson; air |
| 曹魏 | 曹魏 | cáo wèi | Cao Wei, the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms, established as a dynasty in 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕, son of Cao Cao, replaced by Jin dynasty in 265 | |
| 曾国藩 | 曾國藩 | zēng guó fān | Zeng Guofan (1811-1872), Qing dynasty politician and military man | |
| 曾巩 | 曾鞏 | zēng gǒng | Zeng Gong (1019-1083), Song dynasty writer, one of the Eight Giants 唐宋八大家 | |
| 朝代 | 朝代 | cháo dài | dynasty ; reign (of a king) | dynastie; |
| 朝廷 | 朝廷 | cháo tíng | court ; imperial household ; dynasty | Cour ; gouvernement impérial |
| 朝歌 | 朝歌 | zhāo gē | Zhaoge, capital of the Shang dynasty 商朝 ; Zhaoge town in Qi county 淇縣|淇县, Hebi 鶴壁|鹤壁, Henan | |
| 朝鲜 | 朝鮮 | cháo xiǎn | Korean Joseon or Chosun dynasty 1392-1910 ; North Korea ; Korea as geographic term | Corée ; Corée du Nord; |
| 朝鲜八道 | 朝鮮八道 | cháo xiǎn bā dào | the eight provinces of Yi dynasty Korea | |
| 本朝 | 本朝 | běn cháo | the current dynasty | |
| 朱元璋 | 朱元璋 | zhū yuán zhāng | Zhu Yuanzhang, personal name of first Ming dynasty emperor Hongwu洪武|洪武[Hong2 Wu3] | |
| 朱熹 | 朱熹 | zhū xī | Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (1130-1200), also known as Master Zhu 朱子, Song dynasty Confucian writer and propagandist, founder of neo-Confucianism | |
| 杂剧 | 雜劇 | zá jù | a Yuan dynasty form of musical comedy | |
| 李广 | 李廣 | lǐ guǎng | Li Guang (-119 BC), Han dynasty general, nicknamed Flying General 飛將軍|飞将军 and much feared by the Xiongnu 匈奴 | |
| 李德林 | 李德林 | lǐ dé lín | Li Delin (530-590), historian of Northern Wei and Sui dynasty | |
| 李怀远 | 李懷遠 | lǐ huái yuǎn | Li Huaiyuan (-756), senior Tang dynasty official | |
| 李成桂 | 李成桂 | lǐ chéng guì | Yi Seong-gye (1335-1408), founder and first king of Korean Yi dynasty | |
| 李斯 | 李斯 | lǐ sī | Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and Prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC | |
| 李昉 | 李昉 | lǐ fǎng | Li Fang (925-996), scholar between Tang and Song dynasties, author of fictional history | |
| 李格非 | 李格非 | lǐ gé fēi | Li Gefei (active c. 1090), Northern Song writer and father of southern Song female poet Li Qingzhao 李清照 | |
| 李氏 | 李氏 | lǐ shì | the Korean Yi or Lee Dynasty (1392-1910) | |
| 李氏朝鲜 | 李氏朝鮮 | lǐ shì cháo xiǎn | Korean during the Yi or Lee Dynasty (1392-1910) | |
| 李清照 | 李清照 | lǐ qīng zhào | Li Qingzhao (1084-c. 1151), southern Song female poet | |
| 李白 | 李白 | lǐ bái | Li Bai (701-762), a famous Tang Dynasty poet | Li Bai (poète chinois de la dynastie Tang) |
| 李百药 | 李百藥 | lǐ bǎi yào | Li Baiyao (565-648), Tang dynasty writer and historian, compiler of History of Qi of the Northern dynasties 北齊書|北齐书 | |
| 李直夫 | 李直夫 | lǐ zhí fū | Li Zhifu (c. 14th century), Yuan dynasty playwright in the 雜劇|杂剧[za2 ju4] style | |
| 李绿园 | 李綠園 | lǐ lǜ yuán | Li Lüyuan (1707-1790), Qing dynasty writer, author of novel Lamp in the side-street 岐路燈|岐路灯 | |
| 李翱 | 李翱 | lǐ áo | Li Ao (774-836), Tang dynasty scholar and writer, colleague of Han Yu 韓愈 in promoting classical writing 古文運動|古文运动 | |
| 李肇 | 李肈 | lǐ zhào | Li Zhao (c. 800), Tang dynasty scholar and official | |
| 李自成 | 李自成 | lǐ zì chéng | Li ZiCheng (1605-1645), leader of peasant rebellion at the end of the Ming Dynasty | |
| 李诵 | 李誦 | lǐ sòng | Li Song, personal name of eleventh Tang emperor Shunzong 順宗|顺宗[Shun4 zong1] (761-806), reigned 805-806 | |
| 李陵 | 李陵 | lǐ líng | Li Ling (-74 BC), Han dynasty general whose defeat by the Xiongnu 匈奴 in 104 BC led to a major scandal | |
| 李靖 | 李靖 | lǐ jìng | Li Jing (570-649 AD), Tang Dynasty general and purported author of ”Duke Li of Wei answering Emperor Taizong of Tang” 唐太宗李衛公問對|唐太宗李卫公问 | |
| 李鸿章 | 李鴻章 | lǐ hóng zhāng | Li Hung-chang or Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Qing dynasty general, politician and diplomat | |
| 杜牧 | 杜牧 | dù mù | Du Mu (803-852) Tang dynasty poet | |
| 杜甫 | 杜甫 | dù fǔ | Du Fu (712-770), great Tang dynasty poet | |
| 杜秋娘歌 | 杜秋娘歌 | dù qiū niáng gē | song of lady Du Qiu, poem by Du Mu 杜牧 | Chant de Lady Qiu, poème de Du Mu |
| 杨业 | 楊業 | yáng yè | famous Song dynasty family of warriors (c. 10th century AD), resisted the Liao 遼|辽 and defended the Song ; the subject of the popular fiction Yang Saga 楊家將|杨家将 | |
| 杨亿 | 楊億 | yáng yì | Yang Yi (974-1020), Northern Song dynasty writer and poet | |
| 杨俊 | 楊俊 | yáng jùn | Yang Jun (Sui Dynasty) | |
| 杨凝式 | 楊凝式 | yáng níng shì | Yang Ningshi (873-954) calligrapher of 5 dynasties period between Tang and Song | |
| 杨守仁 | 楊守仁 | yáng shǒu rén | Yang Shouren (1912-2005), PRC agricultural scientist ; Yang Shouren (16th century), Ming dynasty scholar | |
| 杨家将 | 楊家將 | yáng jiā jiàng | Yang Saga, a popular fiction from the Northern Song, depicting the heroic Yang family 楊業|杨业 of warriors | |
| 杯酒释兵权 | 杯酒釋兵權 | bēi jiǔ shì bīng quán | to dismiss military hierarchy using wine cups ; cf Song founding Emperor Song Taizu 宋太祖 holds a banquet in 961 and persuades his senior army commanders to go home to their provinces | |
| 松 | 鬆 | sōng | loose ; to loosen ; to relax | desserrer; lâcher; pin; détendu ; mou; |
| 松赞干布 | 松贊干布 | sōng zàn gàn bù | Songtsen Gampo or Songzain Gambo (604-650) Tibetan emperor, founder of the Tubo 吐蕃|吐蕃 dynasty | |
| 枚乘 | 枚乘 | méi chéng | Mei Cheng (-c. 140 BC), Han dynasty poet | |
| 柬吴哥王朝 | 柬吳哥王朝 | jiǎn wú gē wáng cháo | the Ankor Dynasty of Cambodia, 802-1431 | |
| 柯邵忞 | 柯邵忞 | kē shào mín | Ke Shaomin (1850-1933), modern historian, author of New history of the Yuan dynasty 新元史 | |
| 柳永 | 柳永 | liǔ yǒng | Liu Yong (987-1053), Song poet | |
| 栘 | 栘 | yí | shadbush or shadberry (genus Amelanchier) ; name for a stable during the Han Dynasty | |
| 校歌 | 校歌 | xiào gē | school song | |
| 桀 | 桀 | jié | (emperor of Xia dynasty) ; cruel | |
| 桀王 | 桀王 | jié wáng | King Jie, the final ruler of the Xia dynasty (until c. 1600 BC), a notoriously cruel and immoral tyrant | |
| 梁书 | 梁書 | liáng shū | History of Liang of the Southern dynasties, eighth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 56 scrolls | |
| 梁唐晋汉周书 | 梁唐晉漢周書 | liáng táng jìn hàn zhōu shū | another name for History of the Five Dynasties between Tang and Song 舊五代史|旧五代史 | |
| 梁朝 | 梁朝 | liáng cháo | Liang Dynasty (502-557) | |
| 楔子 | 楔子 | xiē zi | wedge ; peg ; stopper ; prologue (in some modern novels) ; prologue or interlude in Yuan dynasty drama | cheville ; coin; prologue |
| 橘录 | 橘錄 | jú lù | classification of orange trees by 12th century Song dynasty botanist Han Yanzhi 韓彥直|韩彦直[Han2 Yan4 zhi2] | |
| 欧洲电视歌唱赛 | 歐洲電視歌唱賽 | ōu zhōu diàn shì gē chàng sài | Eurovision song contest | |
| 欧阳修 | 歐陽修 | ōu yáng xiū | Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), Northern Song dynasty prose writer and historian | |
| 歌 | 歌 | gē | song ; to sing | chanter; chant; |
| 歌儿 | 歌兒 | ger1 | song | |
| 歌唱赛 | 歌唱賽 | gē chàng sài | song contest | |
| 歌子 | 歌子 | gē zi | song | |
| 歌曲 | 歌曲 | gē qǔ | song | chanson; chant; |
| 歌词 | 歌詞 | gē cí | song lyric ; lyrics | paroles d'une chanson; |
| 正祖 | 正祖 | zhèng zǔ | Jeonjo (1752-1800), 22nd king of Korean Joseon dynasty | |
| 武丁 | 武丁 | wǔ dīng | Wu Ding (c. 14th century BC), legendary founder and wise ruler of Shang dynasty | |
| 武昌起义 | 武昌起義 | wǔ chāng qǐ yì | the Wuchang Uprising of 10th October 1911 that led to Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai revolution and the fall of the Qing dynasty | soulèvement de Wuchang |
| 武松 | 武松 | wǔ sōng | Wu Song, a heroic outlaw of Liangshan po 梁山泊 in the classic novel Water Margin 水滸傳|水浒传, whose exploits including killing a tiger with his bare hands | |
| 歧路灯 | 歧路燈 | qí lù dēng | Lamp in the side-street, novel by Qing dynasty writer Li Lüyuan 李绿园|李绿园[Li3 Lü4 yuan2] ; also written 岐路燈|岐路灯 | |
| 殊域周咨录 | 殊域周咨錄 | shū yù zhōu zī lù | Ming dynasty record (1574) of exploration and foreign relations | |
| 殷商 | 殷商 | yīn shāng | final name of the Shang dynasty after their move to Yinxu 殷墟 in modern Henan province | |
| 民国 | 民國 | mín guó | Republic of China (1912-1949) ; used instead of reign name by the nationalist government, then by Taiwan ; used in PRC as reign name of a former dynasty | République de Chine |
| 民歌 | 民歌 | mín gē | folk song | chant folklorique; chanson populaire |
| 永贞革新 | 永貞革新 | yǒng zhēn gé xīn | Yongzhen reform, Tang dynasty failed reform movement of 805 led by Wang Shuwen 王叔文|王叔文 | |
| 汉书 | 漢書 | hàn shū | History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史 [Er4 shi2 xi4 Shi3], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Ban1 Gu4] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls | |
| 汉代 | 漢代 | hàn dài | the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) | |
| 汉元帝 | 漢元帝 | hàn yuán dì | Yuan Emperor, reign name of Han Dynasty emperor Liu Shi 劉奭|刘奭[Liu2 Shi4], (74-33 BC), reigned 48-33 BC | |
| 汉宣帝 | 漢宣帝 | hàn xuān dì | Emperor Xuan (91-48 BC) of the former Han dynasty, reigned 74-48 BC | |
| 汉明帝 | 漢明帝 | hàn míng dì | Emperor Ming of Han (28-75), Western Han Dynasty Emperor 58-75 | |
| 汉朝 | 漢朝 | hàn cháo | Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) | |
| 汉武帝 | 漢武帝 | hàn wǔ dì | Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty (141-87 BC) | |
| 汉简 | 漢簡 | hàn jiǎn | bamboo slip used for record keeping during the Han Dynasty | |
| 江南省 | 江南省 | jiāng nán shěng | name of Qing dynasty province covering south Jiangsu, south Anhui and north Zhejiang provinces, with capital at Nanjing | |
| 江原道 | 江原道 | jiāng yuán dào | Gangwon Province of Korea during Joseon Dynasty ; Kangwon province of North Korea ; Gangwon province in northeast South Korea, capital Chuncheon 春川[Chun1 chuan1] | |
| 汤武革命 | 湯武革命 | tāng wǔ gé mìng | overthrow of the Xia dynasty 夏 by first king Tang of Shang dynasty 商, unconfirmed but placed at c. 1600 BC | |
| 沈复 | 沈復 | shěn fù | Shen Fu (1763-c. 1810), Qing dynasty writer, author of Six records of a floating life 浮生六記|浮生六记[fu2 sheng1 liu4 ji4] | |
| 沈约 | 沈約 | shěn yuē | Shen Yue (441-513), writer and historian during Liang of Southern dynasties 南朝梁, compiler of History of Song of the Southern dynasties 宋書|宋书 | |
| 沙法维王朝 | 沙法維王朝 | shā fǎ wéi wáng cháo | Persian Safavid dynasty 1501-1722 | |
| 治隆唐宋 | 治隆唐宋 | zhì lóng táng sòng | "Ruled better that Tang and Song" ; Qing Emperor Kangxi's memorial tribute to the first Ming emperor Hongwu 洪武 | |
| 洗冤集录 | 洗冤集錄 | xǐ yuān jí lù | Record of Washed Grievances (1247) by Song Ci 宋慈, said to be the world's first legal forensic text | |
| 派 | 派 | pài | clique ; school ; group ; faction ; to dispatch ; to send ; to assign ; to appoint ; pi (Greek letter Ππ) ; the circular ratio pi = 3.1415926 | doctrine; école; envoyer; |
| 浑仪注 | 渾儀註 | hún yí zhù | book by Han dynasty astronomer Zhang Heng | |
| 浣 | 浣 | huàn | to wash ; to rinse ; any of three 10-day division of the month (during Tang dynasty) ; Taiwan pr. huan3 | laver; nettoyer; |
| 浮生六记 | 浮生六記 | fú shēng liù jì | Six records of a floating life, autobiographical novel and description of Qing dynasty life by 沈復|沈复[Shen3 Fu4], published 1808 | |
| 海上花列传 | 海上花列傳 | hǎi shàng huā liè zhuàn | The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai by Han Bangqing 韓邦慶|韩邦庆, long novel of lower life in classical Chinese and Jiangsu vernacular ; translated into Putonghua as 海上花 by Iris Chang | |
| 淞 | 淞 | sōng | name of a river | |
| 淸 | 淸 | qīng | variant of 清 ; clear ; distinct ; complete ; pure ; the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911) | |
| 清人 | 清人 | qīng rén | Qing dynasty person | personne de la dynastie des Qing |
| 清代 | 清代 | qīng dài | the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911) | |
| 清代通史 | 清代通史 | qīng dài tōng shǐ | General history of the Qing dynasty, compiled under Xiao Yishan 蕭一山 | |
| 清史列传 | 清史列傳 | qīng shǐ liè zhuàn | Biographic history of Qing dynasty by a succession of authors, published 1928 and revised 1987, with biographies of 2,900 notable Qing commoner citizens, 80 scrolls | |
| 清史稿 | 清史稿 | qīng shǐ gǎo | Draft History of the Qing dynasty, sometimes listed as number 25 or 26 of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽|赵尔巽 in 1927 during the Northern Warlords period, | |
| 清史馆 | 清史館 | qīng shǐ guǎn | office set up in 1914 to compile official history of the Qing dynasty | |
| 清太宗 | 清太宗 | qīng tài zōng | posthumous title of Hung Taiji 皇太極|皇太极 (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|& | |
| 清太祖 | 清太祖 | qīng tài zǔ | posthumous title of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤 (1559-1626), founder and first Khan of the Manchu Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金 (from 1616) | |
| 清朝 | 清朝 | qīng cháo | Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911) | |
| 清末 | 清末 | qīng mò | the final years of the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty ; China at the turn of the 20th century | |
| 清皇朝 | 清皇朝 | qīng huáng cháo | the Ch'ing or Qing dynasty (1644-1911) | |
| 湖广 | 湖廣 | hú guǎng | Hubei and Hunan provinces (a Ming dynasty province) | |
| 满剌加 | 滿剌加 | mǎn là jiā | Ming Dynasty name for modern day Malacca ; see also 馬六甲|马六甲[Ma3 liu4 jia3] | |
| 满清 | 滿清 | mǎn qīng | Manchurian Qing (refers to the Qing dynasty, esp. at its decline, or as an anti-Qing slogan) | |
| 潘金莲 | 潘金蓮 | pān jīn lián | Pan Jinlian (name lit. Golden Lotus), heroine of Ming dynasty vernacular novel Jinpingmei or the Golden Lotus 金瓶梅 | |
| 炎帝 | 炎帝 | yán dì | Flame Emperors (c. 2000 BC), legendary dynasty descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God | |
| 烟花粉黛 | 煙花粉黛 | yān huā fěn dài | woman ; prostitute ; love-making ; literary or theatrical form in Tang, Song and Yuan | |
| 烧酒 | 燒酒 | shāo jiǔ | name of a famous Tang dynasty wine ; same as 白酒 ; clear distilled wine | eau-de-vie; |
| 热河 | 熱河 | rè hé | Rehe, Qing dynasty province abolished in 1955 and divided among Hebei, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia ; refers to the Qing imperial resort at Chengde ; see also 避暑山莊|避暑山庄[bi4 shu3 shan1 zhuang1] (histor | Rehe (province de la dynastie Qing) |
| 熹平石经 | 熹平石經 | xī píng shí jīng | Xiping steles, calligraphic work on carved steles of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 CE) | |
| 牧歌 | 牧歌 | mù gē | shepherd's song ; pastoral | madrigal |
| 犁靬 | 犁靬 | lí jiān | Han dynasty name for countries in far West ; may refer to Silk Road states or Alexandria or the Roman empire | |
| 犬戎 | 犬戎 | qiǎn róng | Qianrong, Zhou Dynasty ethnic group of present day Gansu Province | |
| 狄仁杰 | 狄仁傑 | dí rén jié | Di Renjie (607-700), Tang dynasty politician, prime minister under Wu Zetian, subsequently hero of legends ; master sleuth Judge Dee, aka Chinese Sherlock Holmes, in novel Three murder cases solved by Judge Dee 狄公案|狄公 | |
| 狄公案 | 狄公案 | dí gōng àn | Dee Gong An or Judge Dee's cases, 18th century fantasy featuring Tang dynasty politician Di Renjie 狄仁傑|狄仁杰[Di2 Ren2 jie2] as master sleuth, translated by R.H. van Gulik as Three murder cases solved by Judge Dee (l | |
| 独尊儒术 | 獨尊儒術 | dú zūn rú shù | Dismiss the hundred schools, revere only the Confucians (slogan of former Han dynasty) | |
| 玄奘 | 玄奘 | xuán zàng | Xuanzang (602-664) Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator, who traveled to India 629-645 | |
| 玄菟郡 | 玄菟郡 | xuán tù jùn | Xuantu commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea | |
| 王伾 | 王伾 | wáng pī | Wang Pi (-c. 806), Tang dynasty chancellor and a leader of failed Yongzhen reform 永貞革新|永贞革新 of 805 | |
| 王叔文 | 王叔文 | wáng shū wén | Wang Shuwen (735-806), famous Tang dynasty scholar, Go player and politician, a leader of failed Yongzhen reform 永貞革新|永贞革新 of 805 | |
| 王安石 | 王安石 | wáng ān shí | Wang Anshi (1021-1086), Song dynasty politician and writer, one of the Eight Giants 唐宋八大家 | Wang Anshi |
| 王导 | 王導 | wáng dǎo | Wang Dao (276-339), powerful official of Jin dynasty and brother of general Wang Dun 王敦, regent of Jin from 325 | |
| 王希孟 | 王希孟 | wáng xī mèng | Wang Ximeng (c. 1096-c. 1119), Song artist, probably teenage prodigy who died young, painter of Thousand Miles of Landscape 千里江山 | |
| 王敦 | 王敦 | wáng dūn | Wang Dun (266-324), powerful general of Jin dynasty and brother of civil official Wang Dao 王導|王导, subsequently rebellious warlord 322-324 | |
| 王朝 | 王朝 | wáng cháo | dynasty | dynastie; |
| 王禹偁 | 王禹偁 | wáng yǔ chēng | Wang Yucheng (954-1001) Song dynasty literary figure | |
| 王肃 | 王肅 | wáng sù | Wang Su (c. 195-256), classical scholar of Cao Wei dynasty, believed to have forged several classical texts | |
| 王著 | 王著 | wáng zhù | Wang Zhu (-c. 990), Song calligrapher and writer | |
| 王钦若 | 王欽若 | wáng qīn ruò | Wang Qinruo (962-1025), Northern Song dynasty official | |
| 班固 | 班固 | bān gù | Ban Gu (32-92), Eastern Han dynasty historian, wrote the Dynastic History of Western Han 漢書|汉书 | |
| 理学 | 理學 | lǐ xué | School of Principle ; Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Cheng Hao 程顥|程颢[Cheng2 Hao4], Cheng Yi 程頤|程颐[Cheng2 Yi2] and Zhu Xi & | |
| 琵琶行 | 琵琶行 | pí pa xíng | Song of the Pipa Player, long poem by Tang poet Bai Juyi 白居易 | |
| 白居易 | 白居易 | bái jū yì | Bai Juyi (772-846), Tang dynasty poet | |
| 白朴 | 白樸 | bái pǔ | Bai Pu (1226-1306), Yuan dynasty dramatist in the 雜劇|杂剧 tradition of musical comedy, one of the Four Great Yuan dramatists 元曲四大家 | |
| 百日维新 | 百日維新 | bǎi rì wéi xīn | failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898 ; also called 戊戌維新|戊戌维新 | |
| 皇太极 | 皇太極 | huáng tài jí | Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and re | |
| 皇太极清太宗 | 皇太極清太宗 | huáng tài jí qīng tài zōng | Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and re | |
| 皇甫嵩 | 皇甫嵩 | huáng fǔ sōng | Huangfu Song (-195), later Han general and warlord | |
| 皮黄 | 皮黃 | pí huáng | Beijing opera (or styles of song in) ; abbr. for 西皮二黃|西皮二黄 | |
| 监牧 | 監牧 | jiān mù | shepherd ; Tang dynasty official with responsibility for animal husbandry ; pastor (cleric in charge of a Christian parish) | |
| 监织造 | 監織造 | jiān zhī zào | supervisor of textiles (official post in Ming dynasty) | |
| 直隶 | 直隸 | zhí lì | Ming and Qing dynasty province directly administered by Beijing, including Beijing, Tianjin, most of Hebei and Henan and part of Shandong | |
| 真番郡 | 真番郡 | zhēn pān jùn | Zhenpan commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea | |
| 社学 | 社學 | shè xué | Ming or Qing dynasty school | |
| 祝允明 | 祝允明 | zhù yǔn míng | Zhu Yunming (1460-1526), Ming dynasty calligrapher | Zhu Yunming |
| 神农本草经 | 神農本草經 | shén nóng běn cǎo jīng | Shennong's compendium of materia medica, a Han dynasty pharmacological compendium, 3 scrolls | |
| 福晋 | 福晉 | fú jìn | in Qing dynasty, Manchurian word for wife | |
| 离歌 | 離歌 | lí gē | (sad) farewell song | |
| 秦 | 秦 | qín | surname Qin ; Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) of the first emperor 秦始皇|秦始皇[Qin2 shi3 huang2] ; abbr. for 陕西|陕西[Shan3 xi1] | (nom de famille); |
| 秦代 | 秦代 | qín dài | Qin dynasty (221-207 BC), founded by the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇|秦始皇[Qin2 shi3 huang2], the first dynasty to rule the whole of China | |
| 秦朝 | 秦朝 | qín cháo | Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) | |
| 秦末 | 秦末 | qín mò | the end of the Qin dynasty 207 BC | |
| 秦桧 | 秦檜 | qīn huì | Qin Hui (1090-1155 CE), Song Dynasty official said to have betrayed General Yue Fei 岳飛|岳飞[Yue4 Fei1] | |
| 秦篆 | 秦篆 | qín zhuàn | seal script as unified by the Qin dynasty ; the small seal 小篆 and great seal 大篆 | |
| 秦腔 | 秦腔 | qín qiāng | Qinqiang, an opera style popular in northwest China, possibly originating in Ming dynasty folk music ; Shanxi opera | |
| 程邈 | 程邈 | chéng miǎo | Cheng Miao, a jailer turned prisoner in the Jin dynasty who created the clerical style of Chinese calligraphy | |
| 程颐 | 程頤 | chéng yí | Cheng Yi (1033-1107), Song neo-Confucian scholar | |
| 程颢 | 程顥 | chéng hào | Cheng Hao (1032-1085), Song neo-Confucian scholar | |
| 竦 | 竦 | sǒng | horrified ; incite ; raise | |
| 笙歌 | 笙歌 | shēng gē | music and song (formal writing) | |
| 笻 | 笻 | qióng | note: song screen font is wrong. should be | |
| 筝 | 箏 | zhēng | guzheng or long zither ; long zither with 13 to 16 strings, developed from guqin 古琴 during Tang and Song times ; Japanese koto | cithare ; cerf-volant; |
| 箕子 | 箕子 | jī zǐ | Jizi, legendary sage from end of Shang dynasty (c. 1100 BC), said to have opposed the tyrant Zhòu 紂|纣 then ruled ancient Korea for Zhōu 周 | |
| 篆体 | 篆體 | zhuàn tǐ | seal script, calligraphic style ; small seal 小篆 and great seal 大篆, the distinction between the two being the Han dynasty equivalent of modern 简体 versus 繁体 ; writing in seal script | |
| 米芾 | 米芾 | mǐ fèi | Mi Fei (1051-1107), Song poet and calligrapher | Mi Fei |
| 红巾军 | 紅巾軍 | hóng jīn jūn | the Red Turbans, peasant rebellion at the end of the Yuan dynasty | |
| 纣辛 | 紂辛 | zhòu xīn | Zhou Xin (c. 11th century BC), last emperor of the of Shang Dynasty | |
| 纪昀 | 紀昀 | jì yún | Ji Yun (1724-1805), Qing dynasty writer, author of supernatural novel Notes on minutely observed thatched hut 閱微草堂筆記|阅微草堂笔记 | |
| 绝唱 | 絕唱 | jué chàng | most perfect song | |
| 续西游记 | 續西遊記 | xù xī yóu jì | one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记 | |
| 绿头巾 | 綠頭巾 | lǜ tóu jīn | green headband (to visit a Yuan dynasty brothel) ; cuckold | |
| 绿旗兵 | 綠旗兵 | lǜ qí bīng | same as 綠營|绿营[lu:4 ying2], Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units | |
| 绿营 | 綠營 | lǜ yíng | Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units | |
| 绿营兵 | 綠營兵 | lǜ yíng bīng | Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units | |
| 罗世昌 | 羅世昌 | luó shì chāng | Luo Shichang, Qing dynasty painter | |
| 翰林院 | 翰林院 | hàn lín yuàn | Imperial Hanlin Academy, lasting from Tang dynasty until 1911 | |
| 耸 | 聳 | sǒng | to excite ; to raise up ; to shrug ; high ; lofty ; towering | haut; élevé; sensationnel; |
| 聊斋志异 | 聊齋志異 | liáo zhāi zhì yì | Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Qing dynasty book of tales by 蒲松齡|蒲松龄[Pu2 song1 ling2] | |
| 胡铨 | 胡銓 | hú quán | Hu Quan (1102-1180, Song Dynasty official and poet) | |
| 脱脱 | 脫脫 | tuō tuō | Toktoghan (1314-1355), Mongol politician during the Yuan dynasty, prime minister until 1345, compiled three dynastic histories of Song 宋史, Liao 遼史|辽史 and Jin 金史 ; also written Tuoketuo 托ࠡ | |
| 舒梦兰 | 舒夢蘭 | shū mèng lán | Shu Menglan (1759-1835), Qin dynasty writer, poet and editor of Anthology of ci poems tunes 白香詞譜|白香词谱 | |
| 船政学堂 | 船政學堂 | chuán zhèng xué táng | Fuzhou naval college, set up in 1866 by the Qing dynasty, called the cradle of Chinese navy | |
| 节度使 | 節度使 | jié dù shǐ | Tang and Song dynasty provincial governor, in Tang times having military and civil authority, but only civil authority in Song | |
| 苏东坡 | 蘇東坡 | sū dōng pō | Su Dongpo, another name for Su Shi 蘇軾|苏轼 (1037-1101), northern Song writer and calligrapher | |
| 苏易简 | 蘇易簡 | sū yì jiǎn | Su Yijian (958-997), Northern Song writer and poet | |
| 苏武 | 蘇武 | sū wǔ | Su Wu (140-60 BC), Hany dynasty envoy to the Xiongnu 匈奴 kept captive for 20 years | |
| 苏洵 | 蘇洵 | sū xún | Su Xun (1009-1066), northern Song writer of prose ; one of the Three Su 三苏|三苏 and one of Eight Giants 唐宋八大家 | |
| 苏轼 | 蘇軾 | sū shì | Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Su Dongpo 蘇東坡|苏东坡[Su1 Dong1 po1] northern Song Dynasty writer and calligrapher ; one of the Three Su father and sons 三蘇|三苏[San1 Su1] and one of the Eig | |
| 苏辙 | 蘇轍 | sū zhé | Su Zhe (1039-1112), northern Song writer and calligrapher ; one of 三苏|三苏 and one of 唐宋八大家 | |
| 范仲淹 | 范仲淹 | fàn zhòng yān | Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), minister of Northern Song, led failed reform of 1043 ; also writer and author of On Yueyang Tower 岳陽樓記|岳阳楼记 | |
| 范公偁 | 範公偁 | fàn gōng chēng | Fan Gongcheng (12th century), Southern Song author of 過庭錄|过庭录 | |
| 范晔 | 范曄 | fàn yè | historian from Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋, author of History of Eastern Han 後漢書|后汉书 | |
| 茶马互市 | 茶馬互市 | chá mǎ hù shì | old tea-horse market between Tibet, China, Southeast Asia and India, formalized as a state enterprise under the Song dynasty | |
| 莫卧儿王朝 | 莫臥兒王朝 | mò wò r wáng cháo | Mughal or Mogul dynasty (1526-1858) | |
| 莲花落 | 蓮花落 | lián huā lào | folk song with accompaniment of clappers | |
| 菘 | 菘 | sōng | (cabbage) ; Brassica chinensis | ; |
| 萨非王朝 | 薩非王朝 | sà fēi wáng cháo | Persian Safavid dynasty 1501-1722 | |
| 董仲舒 | 董仲舒 | dǒng zhòng shū | Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BC), philosopher influential in establishing Confucianism as the established system of values of former Han dynasty | |
| 蒲甘王朝 | 蒲甘王朝 | pú gān wáng cháo | Bagan (Pagan) Dynasty of Myanmar (Burma), 1044-1287 | |
| 蔡襄 | 蔡襄 | cài xiāng | Cai Xiang (1012-1067), Song calligrapher | |
| 蕭一山 | 蕭一山 | xiāo yī shān | Xiao Yishan (1902-1978), Modern historian of the Qing dynasty | |
| 薛仁貴 | 薛仁貴 | xuē rén guì | Xue Rengui (614-683) great Tang dynasty general | |
| 薛居正 | 薛居正 | xuē jū zhèng | Xue Juzheng (912-981), Song historian and compiler of History of the Five Dynasties between Tang and Song 舊五代史|旧五代史 | |
| 藩库 | 藩庫 | fān kù | government repository ; state provincial warehouse (esp. during Qing dynasty) | |
| 藩镇 | 藩鎮 | fān zhèn | lit. fence town ; buffer region (between enemies) ; Tang dynasty system of provincial administration under a provincial governor 節度使|节度使[jie2 du4 shi3] | |
| 蘅塘退士 | 蘅塘退士 | héng táng tuì shì | assumed name of Sun Zhu 孫誅|孙诛[Sun1 Zhu1] (1711-1778), poet and compiler of Three hundred Tang dynasty poems 唐詩三百首|唐诗三百首[Tang2 shi1 san1 bai3 shou3] | |
| 虎头牌 | 虎頭牌 | hǔ tóu pái | The Tiger tablet, Yuan dynasty play by Li Zhifu 李直夫 [Li3 Zhi2 fu1] | |
| 虞应龙 | 虞應龍 | yú yìng lóng | Yu Yinglong, Yuan dynasty scholar, collaborated on the geographical encyclopedia Dayuan Dayi Tongzhi 大元大一統誌|大元大一统志 | |
| 蜀 | 蜀 | shǔ | abbr. for Sichuan 四川 province in southwest China ; one of the Three Kingdoms after the fall of the Han dynasty | nom monosyllabique de la province du Sichuan; |
| 蜀国 | 蜀國 | shǔ guó | Sichuan ; the state of Shu in Sichuan at different periods ; the Shu Han dynasty (214-263) of Liu Bei 劉備|刘备 during the Three Kingdoms | |
| 蝉鸣 | 蟬鳴 | chán míng | song of cicadas ; chirping of insects | |
| 螗 | 螗 | táng | variety of small cicada with a green back and a clear song (in ancient books) | |
| 袁宏道 | 袁宏道 | yuán hóng dào | Yuan Hongdao (1568-1610), Ming dynasty poet and travel writer | |
| 袁桷 | 袁桷 | yuán jué | Yuan Jue (1267-1327), Yuan dynasty writer and calligrapher | |
| 西夏 | 西夏 | xī xià | Western Xia dynasty 1038-1227 of Tangut people 黨項|党项 occupying modern Ningxia and parts of Gansu and Shaanxi, overthrown by Mongols | Xia |
| 西戎 | 西戎 | xī róng | the Xirong, an ancient ethnic group of Western China from the Zhou Dynasty onwards ; Xionites (Central Asian nomads) | |
| 西晋 | 西晉 | xī jìn | the Western Jin dynasty (265-316) | |
| 西楼梦 | 西樓夢 | xī lóu mèng | Qing dynasty novel the Western Chamber by Yuan Yuling 袁于令 ; same as 西樓記|西楼记 | |
| 西楼记 | 西樓記 | xī lóu jì | Qing dynasty novel the Western Chamber by Yuan Yuling 袁于令 ; same as 西樓夢|西楼梦 | |
| 西汉 | 西漢 | xī hàn | Western Han or former dynasty (206 BC-8 AD) | Han Occidentaux; |
| 西游补 | 西遊補 | xī yóu bǔ | one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记 | |
| 西游记 | 西遊記 | xī yóu jì | Journey to the West, Ming dynasty novel by Wu Cheng'en 吳承恩|吴承恩, one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature ; also called Pilgrimage to the West or Monkey | Pèlerinage vers l'Ouest, Voyage vers l'Occident |
| 讴吟 | 謳吟 | ōu yín | song ; chant ; rhythmic declamation | |
| 讴歌 | 謳歌 | ōu gē | song ; paeon of praise ; Acura (Honda car model) | chanter les louanges de; |
| 许慎 | 許慎 | xǔ shèn | Xu Shen (-147) the compiler of the original Han dynasty dictionary Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字|说文解字 | |
| 讼 | 訟 | sòng | litigation | intenter un procès ; disputer; arguer; |
| 评话 | 評話 | píng huà | storytelling dramatic art dating back to Song and Yuan periods, single narrator without music, often historical topics with commentary | |
| 词话 | 詞話 | cí huà | form of writing novels that comprise lots of poetry in the body of the text, popular in the Ming Dynasty | |
| 话本 | 話本 | huà běn | Song and Yuan literary form based on vernacular folk stories | |
| 说岳全传 | 說岳全傳 | shuō yuè quán zhuàn | "The Story of Yue Fei", biography of Song dynasty patriot and general Yue Fei 岳飛|岳飞[Yue4 Fei1] | |
| 说文 | 說文 | shuō wén | Shuowen, the original Han dynasty dictionary by Xu Shen 許慎|许慎, full title Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字|说文解字 | |
| 说文解字 | 說文解字 | shuō wén jiě zì | Shuowen, the original Han dynasty dictionary by Xu Shen 許慎|许慎 | |
| 诵 | 誦 | sòng | read aloud | lire(réciter) à haute voix; |
| 诺矩罗 | 諾矩羅 | nuò jǔ luó | Nuojuluo, monk at start of Tang dynasty, possibly originally immigrant, lived in Qingshen county 青神[Qing1 shen2], Sichuan | |
| 谢灵运 | 謝靈運 | xiè líng yùn | Xie Lingyun (385-433) poet during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋 | |
| 谶纬 | 讖緯 | chèn wěi | divination combined with mystical Confucian philosopy, prevalent during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220) | |
| 谷梁传 | 穀梁傳 | gǔ liáng zhuàn | Mr Guliang's annals or commentary on 春秋, early history probably written during Han dynasty | |
| 貂蝉 | 貂蟬 | diāo chán | Diaochan (-192), one of the Four legendary beauties 四大美女, in fiction a famous beauty at the break-up of Han dynasty, given as concubine to usurping warlord Dong Zhuo 董卓 to ensure his overthrow by fighting hero L&# | |
| 賨 | 賨 | cóng | tribute paid by Han dynasty tribes | tribut payé aux Han |
| 贫女诗 | 貧女詩 | pín nǚ shī | Poor Woman, long poem by Tang dynasty poet Qin Tao'yu 秦韜玉|秦韬玉 | Pauvre Femme (poème Tang de Qin Tao'yu) |
| 贺朝 | 賀朝 | hè cháo | He Chao (active c. 711), Tang dynasty poet | |
| 贺知章 | 賀知章 | hè zhī zhāng | He Zhizhang (659-744), Tang dynasty poet | |
| 资治通鉴 | 資治通鑒 | zī zhì tōng jiàn | A mirror for the wise ruler (or Comprehensive Mirror for aid in Government), a vast chronological general history, written by 司馬光|司马光 Sima Guang (1019-1089) and collaborators during the Northern Song in 1084, cove | |
| 赓 | 賡 | gēng | continue (as a song) | continuer; succéder; prendre la suite ; compenser; indemniser; |
| 赫德 | 赫德 | hè dé | Hart or Herd (name) ; Robert Hart (1835-1911), Englishman who served 1863-1911 in Qing dynasty customs office | |
| 赵匡胤 | 趙匡胤 | zhào kuāng yìn | Zhao Kuangyin, personal name of founding Song emperor Song Taizu 宋太祖 (927-976) | |
| 赵宋 | 趙宋 | zhào sòng | Song dynasty (960-1279) ; used to distinguish it from 劉宋|刘宋 Song of Southern dynasties (420-479) | |
| 赵尔巽 | 趙爾巽 | zhào ěr xùn | Zhao Erxun (1844-1927), modern historian, compiled the Draft History of the Qing dynasty 清史稿 | |
| 赵州桥 | 趙州橋 | zhào zhōu qiáo | Zhaozhou bridge over Xiao River 洨河[Xiao2 he2] in Zhao county 趙縣|赵县[Zhao4 xian4], Shijiazhuang, Hebei, dating back to the Sui dynasty 隋代[Sui2dai4] (581-617) and the world's oldest extant stone | |
| 赵晔 | 趙曄 | zhào yè | Zhao Ye, Han dynasty historian, author of History of the Southern States Wu and Yue 吳越春秋|吴越春秋 | |
| 赵翼 | 趙翼 | zhào yì | Zhao Yi (1727-1814), Qing dynasty poet and historian, one of Three great poets of the Qianlong era 乾嘉三大家 | |
| 辛亥革命 | 辛亥革命 | xīn hài gé mìng | the Xinhai revolution of 1911 that ended the Qing dynasty | |
| 辟雍 | 辟雍 | bì yōng | central of the five Zhou dynasty royal academies | |
| 辽 | 遼 | liáo | abbr. for Liaoning 遼寧|辽宁 province in northeast China ; Liao or Khitan dynasty (907-1125) | éloigné; lointain; |
| 辽史 | 遼史 | liáo shǐ | History of the Liao dynasty, twenty first of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed under Toktoghan 脱脱 in 1345 during the Yuan 元 dynasty, 116 scrolls | |
| 辽金 | 遼金 | liáo jīn | Liao and Jin dynasties, namely: Liao or Khitan dynasty (907-1125) and Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115-1234) | |
| 过庭录 | 過庭錄 | guò tíng lù | lit. Notes on passing the hall, historical jottings by 12th century Southern Song poet Fan Gongcheng 範公偁|范公偁, containing moral instructions derived from great men of Song dynasty | |
| 近古 | 近古 | jìn gǔ | near ancient history (often taken to mean Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing times) | |
| 送 | 送 | sòng | to deliver ; to carry ; to give (as a present) ; to present (with) ; to see off ; to send | envoyer; reconduire ; offrir; |
| 道之所存，师之所存 | 道之所存，師之所存 | dào zhī suǒ cún , shī zhī suǒ cún | If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈). ; We should learn from one who knows the way. | |
| 道学 | 道學 | dào xué | Confucian study of ethics ; study of Daoism ; school for Daoism in Tang and Song times ; Daoist magic ; another name for 理學|理学, rational learning of Song dynasty neo-Confucianism | |
| 道所存者，乃师所存者 | 道所存者，乃師所存者 | dào suǒ cún zhě , nǎi shī suǒ cún zhě | If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈). ; We should learn from one who knows the way. | |
| 邓世昌 | 鄧世昌 | dèng shì chāng | Deng Shichang (1849-1894), Qing dynasty naval specialist, founded naval dockyards and two naval colleges, died heroically in action against the Japanese | |
| 邙 | 邙 | máng | Mt Mang at Luoyang in Henan, with many Han, Wei and Jin dynasty royal tombs | |
| 邙山 | 邙山 | máng shān | Mt Mang at Luoyang in Henan, with many Han, Wei and Jin dynasty royal tombs | |
| 邙山行 | 邙山行 | máng shān xíng | a form of Yuefu 樂府|乐府 mourning song or elegy ; lit. to visit a tomb on Mt Mang | |
| 邳 | 邳 | pī | Pi, Han dynasty county in modern Jiangsu ; variant of 伾 or 丕 | |
| 邵雍 | 邵雍 | shào yōng | Shao Yong (1011-1077), Northern Song poet and Rationalist scholar 理學家|理学家 | |
| 邸报 | 邸報 | dǐ bào | imperial bulletin, palace report dating back to Han dynasty | |
| 邹 | 鄒 | zōu | surname Zou ; vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) in the southeast of Shandong Province | (nom de famille); |
| 郑光祖 | 鄭光祖 | zhèng guāng zǔ | Zheng Guangzu, Yuan dynasty dramatist in the 雜劇|杂剧 tradition of musical comedy, one of the Four Great Yuan dramatists 元曲四大家 | |
| 郑和 | 鄭和 | zhèng hé | Zheng He (1371-1433), famous early Ming dynasty admiral and explorer | |
| 郭茂倩 | 郭茂倩 | guō mào qiàn | Guo Maoqian (11th-12th century), Song poetry collector, editor of Collection of yuefu lyric poems 樂府詩集|乐府诗集 | |
| 都铎王朝 | 都鐸王朝 | dū duó wáng cháo | Tudor dynasty, ruled England 1485-1603 | |
| 酸曲 | 酸曲 | suān qǔ | love song | |
| 醉圣 | 醉聖 | zuì shèng | the Sage of intoxication ; refers to Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai 李白 (701-762) | |
| 金代 | 金代 | jīn dài | Jin dynasty (1115-1234), founded by the Jurchen or Nüzhen 女真 people of North China, a precursor of the Mongol Yuan dynasty | |
| 金史 | 金史 | jīn shǐ | History of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, twenty second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed under Toktoghan 脱脱 in 1345 during the Yuan 元 dynasty, 135 scrolls | |
| 金国汗 | 金國汗 | jīn guó hàn | the Later Jin dynasty (from 1616-) ; the Manchu Khanate or kingdom that took over as the Qing dynasty in 1644 | |
| 金富轼 | 金富軾 | jīn fù shì | Kim Busik (1075-1151), court historian of the Korean Georyo dynasty 高麗|高丽[Gao1 li2], compiler of History of Three Kingdoms 三國史記|三国史记[San1 guo2 shi3 ji4] | |
| 金瓶梅 | 金瓶梅 | jīn píng méi | Jinpingmei or the Golden Lotus (1617), Ming dynasty vernacular novel, formerly notorious and banned for its sexual content | |
| 金瓶梅词话 | 金瓶梅詞話 | jīn píng méi cí huà | Jinpingmei or the Golden Lotus (1617), Ming dynasty vernacular novel, formerly notorious and banned for its sexual content | |
| 银两 | 銀兩 | yín liǎng | silver currency ; currency of the Qing dynasty based on the silver tael 兩|两 | |
| 长安 | 長安 | cháng ān | Chang'an (ancient name of Xi'an 西安) capital of China during Tang Dynasty 唐朝 ; now 长安区 district of Xi'an | |
| 阏氏 | 閼氏 | yān shì | formal wife of a Xiongnu chief during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) | |
| 阕 | 闋 | què | section of a song ; shut | ; |
| 阮 | 阮 | ruǎn | surname Ruan ; small state during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) located in the southeast of modern day Gansu Province | (nom de famille); |
| 阿育王 | 阿育王 | ā yù wáng | Ashoka (304-232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty 孔雀王朝[Kong3 que4 wang2 chao2], ruled 273-232 BC | |
| 阿里郎 | 阿里郎 | ā lǐ láng | Arirang 아리랑, famous Korean song of love and tragic separation, based on folk tale from Georyo dynasty ; Arirang, series of Korean earth observation space satellites | |
| 陆游 | 陸遊 | lù yóu | Lu You (1125-1210), widely regarded as the greatest of the Southern Song poet | |
| 陈书 | 陳書 | chén shū | History of Chen of the Southern dynasties, ninth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 36 scrolls | |
| 陈元光 | 陳元光 | chén yuán guāng | Chen Yuanguang (657-711), Tang dynasty general with posthumous title 開漳聖王|开漳圣王[Kai1 zhang1 sheng4 wang2], i.e. Sacred King, founder of Zhangzhou 漳州[Zhang1 zhou1], Fujian | |
| 陈寿 | 陳壽 | chén shòu | Western Jin dynasty 西晋 historian, author of History of the Three Kingdoms 三國志|三国志 | |
| 陈恭尹 | 陳恭尹 | chén gōng yǐn | Chen Gongyin (1631-1700), early Qing dynasty poet | |
| 陈桥兵变 | 陳橋兵變 | chén qiáo bīng biàn | the military revolt of 960 that led Zhao Kuangyin 趙匡胤|赵匡胤 to found the Song dynasty | |
| 陶淵明 | 陶渊明 | táo yuān míng | Tao Yuanming (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet | Tao Yuanming |
| 陶潜 | 陶潛 | táo qián | Tao Qian or Tao Yuanming 陶渊明|陶淵明 (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet | |
| 隋 | 隋 | suí | the Sui dynasty (581-617 AD) ; surname Sui | (nom de famille); |
| 隋书 | 隋書 | suí shū | History of the Sui Dynasty, 13th of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Wei Zheng 魏徵|魏征 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 85 scrolls | |
| 隋代 | 隋代 | suí dài | Sui dynasty (581-617) | |
| 隋唐演义 | 隋唐演義 | suí táng yǎn yì | Dramatized History of Sui and Tang, novel by Qing dynasty author Chu Renhuo 褚人獲|褚人获 | |
| 隋朝 | 隋朝 | suí cháo | Sui dynasty (581-617) | |
| 隋末 | 隋末 | suí mò | last years of the Sui dynasty ; early 7th century AD | |
| 雅乐 | 雅樂 | yǎ yuè | formal ceremonial music of each succeeding Chinese dynasty starting with the Zhou ; Korean a'ak ; Japanese gagaku | |
| 雅歌 | 雅歌 | yǎ gē | part of the Book of Songs 詩經|诗经 ; a song ; a poem set to elegant music ; a refined chant ; the biblical Song of Solomon | |
| 靬 | 靬 | jiān | see 犂靬|犂靬[Li2 jian1], Han dynasty name for countries in far West | |
| 鞑靼 | 韃靼 | dá dá | Tang dynasty word for Tatar 塔塔, Turkic ethnic group in central Asia | Tartare; Tartarie; |
| 韦应物 | 韋應物 | wéi yìng wù | Wei Yinwu (737-792), Tang dynasty poet | |
| 韩 | 韓 | hán | Han, one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States 戰國七雄|战国七雄 ; Korea from the fall of the Joseon dynasty in 1897 ; Korea, esp. South Korea 大韓民國|大韩 | (nom de famille); |
| 韩国 | 韓國 | hán guó | Han, one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States 戰國七雄|战国七雄[zhan4 guo2 qi1 xiong2] ; Korea from the fall of the Joseon dynasty in 1897 ; Korea, esp. Republic of Korea (South Korea) 大& | Corée du sud; |
| 韩彦直 | 韓彥直 | hán yàn zhí | Han Yanzhi (1131-?), Song dynasty botanist, author of classification of orange trees 橘錄|橘录[ju2 lu4] | |
| 韩愈 | 韓愈 | hán yù | Han Yu (768-824), Tang dynasty essayist and poet, advocate of the classical writing 古文運動|古文运动 and neoclassical 復古|复古 movements | |
| 顶戴 | 頂戴 | dǐng dài | cap badge (official sign of rank in Qing dynasty) | |
| 顺民 | 順民 | shùn mín | docile subject (of new dynasty) ; toady | |
| 顾恺之 | 顧愷之 | gù kǎi zhī | Gu Kaizhi or Ku K'aichih (346-407), famous painter of Eastern Jin dynasty, one of the Four Great Painters of the Six dynasties 六朝四大家 | |
| 颂 | 頌 | sòng | to praise | louer; exalter; ode; |
| 飞将军 | 飛將軍 | fēi jiāng jūn | nickname of Han dynasty general Li Guang 李廣|李广 | |
| 餸 | 餸 | sòng | side dish ; groceries (Cantonese) | |
| 首歌 | 首歌 | shǒu gē | song | |
| 马尾水师学堂 | 馬尾水師學堂 | mǎ wěi shuǐ shī xué táng | Mawei River naval college, alternative name for Fuzhou naval college 福州船政學堂|福州船政学堂, set up in 1866 by the Qing dynasty | |
| 马王堆 | 馬王堆 | mǎ wáng duī | Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan, a recent Han dynasty archaeological site | |
| 马致远 | 馬緻遠 | mǎ zhì yuǎn | Ma Zhiyuan, Yuan dynasty dramatist in the 雜劇|杂剧 tradition of musical comedy, one of the Four Great Yuan dramatists 元曲四大家 | |
| 马褂 | 馬褂 | mǎ guà | buttoned mandarin jacket of the Qing dynasty 清代|清代[Qing1 dai4] (1644-1911) | |
| 高丽 | 高麗 | gāo lì | Korean Goryeo 고려 dynasty, 918-1392 ; Korea, esp. in context of art and culture | |
| 高丽朝 | 高麗朝 | gāo lí cháo | Korean Goryeo 고려 dynasty, 918-1392 | |
| 高丽王朝 | 高麗王朝 | gāo lí wáng cháo | Korean Goryeo 고려 dynasty, 918-1392 | |
| 高云 | 高雲 | gāo yún | Gao Yun (died 409) emperor of Northern or Later Yan dynasty | |
| 高歌 | 高歌 | gāo gē | to sing loudly ; to lift one's voice in song | |
| 高潮 | 高潮 | gāo cháo | high tide ; high water ; upsurge ; climax ; orgasm ; chorus (part of a song) | vague |
| 魏书 | 魏書 | wèi shū | History of Wei of the Northern dynasties, tenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Wei Shou 魏收 in 554 during Northern Qi dynasty 北齊|北齐, 114 scrolls | |
| 魏征 | 魏徵 | wèi zhēng | Wei Zheng (580-643), Tang politician and historian, notorious as a critic, editor of History of the Sui Dynasty 隋書|隋书 | |
| 魏收 | 魏收 | wèi shōu | Wei Shou (506-572), writer and historian of Northern dynasty Qi 北齊|北齐, compiler of History of Wei of the Northern dynasties 魏書|魏书 | |
| 鸿章 | 鴻章 | hóng zhāng | Li Hung-chang or Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Qing dynasty general, politician and diplomat | |
| 黄庭坚 | 黃庭堅 | huáng tíng jiān | Huang Tingjian (1045-1105), Song poet and calligrapher | |
| 黄石公 | 黃石公 | huáng shí gōng | Huang Shigong, also known as Xia Huanggong 夏黃公|夏黄公[Xia4 Huang2 gong1] (dates of birth and death uncertain), Daoist hermit of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin2 Dai4] and purported author | |
| 黄遵宪 | 黃遵憲 | huáng zūn xiàn | Huang Zunxian (1848-1905), Qing dynasty poet and diplomat, author of A record of Japan 日本國誌|日本国志, an extended analysis of Meiji Japan | |
| 黑汗王朝 | 黑汗王朝 | hēi hàn wáng cháo | Karakhan dynasty of central Asia, 8th-10th century |
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